Paradols are non-pungent and biotransformed metabolites of shogaols and reduce inflammatory responses as well as oxidative stress as shogaols. Pretreatment with 6-paradol (paradol derivatives) reduced neuroinflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia by a concentration-dependent manner[3]. [6]-Paradol, a pungent phenolic compound present in certain Zingiberaceae plants, is known to have antimicrobial and analgesic activities. [6]-Paradol can attenuate promotion of skin carcinogenesis and TPA-induced ear edema in female ICR mice, and to induce apoptosis in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells[4]. Once-daily administration of 6-shogaol and 6-paradol (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) to symptomatic EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) mice significantly alleviated clinical signs of the disease along with remyelination and reduced cell accumulation in the white matter of spinal cord[5].
Paradol/姜酮酚 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
SW1990
0, 20, 40, 80 µM
0, 24, 48, 72 hours
6-P significantly suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Aug 10;21(1):420
MIA PaCa-2
0, 20, 40, 80 µM
0, 24, 48, 72 hours
6-P significantly suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Aug 10;21(1):420
SAOS-2 cells
1 µM
72 hours
Assessment of proliferative effect, showing paradol significantly decreased the doubling time of SAOS-2 cells
Molecules. 2017 Sep 4;22(9):1467
MG-63 cells
1 µM
72 hours
Assessment of proliferative effect, showing paradol significantly decreased the doubling time of MG-63 cells
Molecules. 2017 Sep 4;22(9):1467
MCF-7 cells
1 µM
72 hours
Assessment of proliferative effect, showing paradol significantly decreased the doubling time of MCF-7 cells
Molecules. 2017 Sep 4;22(9):1467
Paradol/姜酮酚 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
BALB/c nude mice
Subcutaneous tumor model
Oral
10 mg/kg
Once daily for 5 weeks
6-P significantly suppressed tumor growth.
Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Aug 10;21(1):420
Female C57BL/6 mice
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model
Oral
5 mg/kg/day
Once daily for 13 days (from day 29 to day 42 post immunization)
6-Paradol significantly alleviated clinical symptoms of EAE mice, reduced demyelination and cell accumulation in the spinal cord, suppressed astrogliosis and microglial activation, and decreased TNF-α expression levels
Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2019 Mar 1;27(2):152-159
Sprague-Dawley rats
Acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis model
Oral gavage
50, 100, 200 mg/kg
Once daily for 7 days
To evaluate the protective effect of 6-Paradol against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Results showed that 6-Paradol significantly improved colonic and serum levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), with the 200 mg/kg dose showing similar protective effects to sulfasalazine (500 mg/kg).
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