There will be a HazMat fee per item when shipping a dangerous goods. The HazMat fee will be charged to your UPS/DHL/FedEx collect account or added to the invoice unless the package is shipped via Ground service. Ship by air in Excepted Quantity (each bottle), which is up to 1g/1mL for class 6.1 packing group I or II, and up to 25g/25ml for all other HazMat items.
Type
HazMat fee for 500 gram (Estimated)
Excepted Quantity
USD 0.00
Limited Quantity
USD 15-60
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), Domestic
USD 80+
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), International
USD 150+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), Domestic
USD 100+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), International
Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), and also modulates ion channels, blocking chloride channels and L-type Ca2+ channels, modulating non-selective cation channels (NSC), activating K+ channels. Flufenamic acid inhibits a wide spectrum of TRP channels, including: C3, C7, M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M8, V1, V3, and V4 but activates at least two TRP channels (C6 and A1)[3]. Flufenamic acid (FFA) has previously been demonstrated to be a potent activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling. In a mouse closed loop model of EL infection, FFA treatment (20mg/kg) significantly abrogated EL-induced intestinal fluid secretion and barrier disruption. In addition, FFA suppressed NF-κB nuclear translocation and expression of proinflammatory mediators and promoted AMPK phosphorylation in the EL-infected mouse intestine. Furthermore, FFA promoted tight junction assembly and prevented interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-induced barrier disruption in an AMPK-dependent manner[4]. FFA inhibited cAMP-dependent Cl- secretion in T84 cell monolayers with IC50 of ∼8 μM. FFA inhibited Ca2+-dependent Cl- secretion with IC50 of ∼10 μM. FFA inhibited activities of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels and KCa3.1, a Ca2+-activated basolateral K+ channels, but had no effect on activities of Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporters and Na+-K+ ATPases[5].
Investigate the effect of FFA on membrane ion currents, FFA caused an increase in currents with a reversal potential of +38 mV
Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Sep;161(2):416-29.
Mouse precursor osteoblasts (D1 cells)
1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL
21 days
Investigate the effect of FA on the proliferation and mineralization of D1 cells. Results showed that high concentrations of FA were not conducive to the proliferation of D1 cells but enhanced mineralization activity.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 May 1;16(5):680.
Primary microglial cells
100 µM
24 hours
FA suppressed Syk activation, restored AMPK activity, and improved mitochondrial fission/fusion balance.
Aging Cell. 2022 May;21(5):e13623.
Primary microglial cells
200 µM
24 hours
FA inhibited microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating Syk and AMPK, reducing ASC speck formation and IL-1β secretion.
Aging Cell. 2022 May;21(5):e13623.
Candida albicans SC5314 strain
≥8 mg/L
24 hours
Evaluate the preventive effect of FFA combined with FLU on Candida albicans biofilm formation, results showed that FFA ≥8 mg/L combined with FLU 32 mg/L could increase antifungal activity to 99%
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014 Jan;43(1):86-91.
Candida albicans mature biofilms
1024 mg/L
24 hours
Evaluate the therapeutic effect of FFA on mature Candida albicans biofilms, results showed that FFA concentrations of 1024 mg/L could reduce >85% of biofilm metabolic activity
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014 Jan;43(1):86-91.
Candida albicans biofilms
≥512 mg/L
24 hours
Evaluate the preventive effect of FFA on Candida albicans biofilm formation, results showed that FFA concentrations of ≥512 mg/L could prevent >80% of biofilm formation
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014 Jan;43(1):86-91.
Hippocampal pyramidal neurons
200 µM
30 ms
To investigate the effect of FFA on voltage-gated sodium currents, results showed that FFA inhibits ~50% of the sodium current with an IC50 of 189 μM.
J Physiol. 2010 Oct 15;588(Pt 20):3869-82.
Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs)
100 µM
330 seconds
Evaluate the relaxing effect of FFA on ASMCs, results showed FFA significantly reduced cell stiffness at 100 μM.
Theranostics. 2024 Feb 17;14(4):1744-1763.
Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs)
1 µM
330 seconds
Evaluate the relaxing effect of FFA on ASMCs, results showed FFA rapidly reduced cell stiffness at 1 μM.
Theranostics. 2024 Feb 17;14(4):1744-1763.
Rat supraoptic nucleus neuroendocrine cells
0.3 mM–5 mM
5–10 minutes
To examine the effects of flufenamic acid (FFA) on depolarizing afterpotentials (DAPs), results showed that FFA reversibly inhibited DAPs with an IC50 of 13.8 mM.
J Physiol. 2002 Dec 1;545(2):537-42.
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs)
25, 50, 100, 200 µM
7 days
Low concentrations of FFA (25, 50, 100 μM) significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, as evidenced by increased ALP activity and accelerated mineralization; 200 μM FFA inhibited osteogenic differentiation. The optimal concentration was 50 μM.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Jul 19;10(1):213.
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs)
25, 50, 100, 200 µM
7 days
Low concentrations of FFA (25, 50, 100 μM) significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs, as evidenced by increased ALP activity and accelerated mineralization; 200 μM FFA inhibited osteogenic differentiation. The optimal concentration was 50 μM.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Jul 19;10(1):213.
HEK293 cells
2.49 µM (IC50)
72 hours
Assessed cytotoxicity, showing lower toxicity towards HEK293 cells, indicating selectivity for cancer cells over non-cancerous cells
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2024 Feb 5;63(6):e202317940.
HMLER-shEcad cells
0.18 µM (IC50)
72 hours
Assessed cytotoxicity, showing sub-micromolar toxicity towards HMLER-shEcad cells, with 24-fold and 31-fold higher potency than salinomycin and cisplatin, respectively
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2024 Feb 5;63(6):e202317940.
HMLER cells
0.27 µM (IC50)
72 hours
Assessed cytotoxicity, showing sub-micromolar toxicity towards HMLER cells
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2024 Feb 5;63(6):e202317940.
4T1 metastatic triple-negative breast cancer model
Intraperitoneal injection
10 mg/kg
Three times a week for 14 days
Evaluated in vivo antitumour efficacy, showing significant inhibition of tumour growth and reduced lung metastasis without inducing significant systemic toxicity
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2024 Feb 5;63(6):e202317940.
C57BL/6 mice and Thy1-GFP-M mice
T10 spinal cord contusion model
Intraperitoneal injection
12.5 mg/kg
Once daily for one week
FFA inhibited Trpm4 expression, reduced secondary hemorrhage and capillary fragmentation, and promoted angiogenesis; inhibited the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, attenuated BSCB disruption; decreased the activation of microglia/macrophages, reduced lesion size and cavity formation, protected motor neurons, and improved locomotor function.
Theranostics. 2018 Jul 30;8(15):4181-4198
C57BL/6J mice
Cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation model
Intraperitoneal injection
12.5 mg/kg
Once daily for one week
FFA improved survival and neurologic outcome after CA/CPR in mice, reduced neuropathological injuries, attenuated brain edema, lessened the leakage of IgG and Evans blue dye, restored tight junction protein expression, and promoted microglia/macrophages from the pro-inflammatory subtype toward the anti-inflammatory subtype.
J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Sep 1;19(1):214
BALB/c mice
Ovalbumin-induced asthmatic Mice model
Inhalation
2, 4, 8 μg
Single administration
Evaluate the effect of FFA on airway resistance in vivo, results showed FFA significantly reduced airway resistance at 8 μg.
Theranostics. 2024 Feb 17;14(4):1744-1763.
ADLPAPT mice
Alzheimer's disease model
Intraperitoneal injection
5 mg/kg
Once daily for 8 weeks
FA inhibited microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation, significantly reducing amyloid plaques and phosphorylated tau pathology while improving cognitive function.
Aging Cell. 2022 May;21(5):e13623.
BALB/C nude mice
Heterotopic bone formation model
Subcutaneous implantation
50 μM
Single implantation, lasting 8 weeks
50 μM FFA promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs in vivo, as evidenced by more newly formed bone and collagen organization.
Hong Kong
... 展开 >> Ivan Hung
Recruiting
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Contact: Ivan FN Hung, MD FRCP 852 22554049 ivanfn@gmail.com
Sub-Investigator: Kelvin To, MD FRCPath
Sub-Investigator: KY Yuen, MD FRCPath 收起 <<
Hong Kong
... 展开 >> Ivan Hung
Recruiting
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Contact: Ivan FN Hung, MD FRCP 852 22554049 ivanfn@gmail.com
Sub-Investigator: Kelvin To, MD FRCPath
Sub-Investigator: KY Yuen, MD FRCPath 收起 <<
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