Ginsenoside Re is an extract from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Re decreased the Aβ(β-amyloid protein) levels in N2a/APP695 cells. Ginsenoside Re decreased the BACE1 (β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1) mRNA and protein levels and inhibited BACE1 activity in the N2a/APP695 cells. Ginsenoside Re significantly increased the PPARγ protein and mRNA levels[3]. Ginsenoside Re can improve isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis and heart failure by regulation of the TGF-β1(transforming growth factor)/Smad3 pathway[4]. GRe protects MA-induced (methamphetamine) dopaminergic neurotoxicity via upregulatgion of dynorphin-mediated κ-opioid receptor and downregulation of substance P-mediated NK1 R (neurokinin 1 receptor) [5]. Moreover, ginsenoside Re-dependent upregulation of GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) reduces oxidative stress and thereby alleviates 6-OHDA(6-hydroxydopamine)-induced neuronal damage[6]. After GS-Re treatment, the vessel lumen of injured vessels showed significant increases in the GS-Re 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg/d (intermediate- and high-dose) groups according to H.E. staining. GS-Re can suppress balloon injury-induced vascular neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting VSMC proliferation[7].
Ginsenoside Re/人参皂苷 Re 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
SH-SY5Y cells
25 µM
24 hours
To evaluate the protective effect of ginsenoside Re against Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, results showed ginsenoside Re significantly increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis.
Molecules. 2019 Jul 24;24(15):2687
SH-SY5Y cells
10–100 µM
9 h pretreatment followed by 24 h exposure to 6-OHDA
To evaluate the protective effect of ginsenoside Re against 6-OHDA-induced cellular damage. Results showed that ginsenoside Re significantly inhibited 6-OHDA-triggered cellular damage, reduced LDH release, and improved cell viability.
Molecules. 2020 Jan 2;25(1):188
Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs)
0-10 μM
3 days
To investigate the effect of Ginsenoside Re on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, results showed that Ginsenoside Re inhibited osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.
Mol Cells. 2016 Dec;39(12):855-861
Mouse osteoblast precursor MC3T3-E1 cells
50 μM
21 days
To evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Re on mineralization, results showed significant increase in calcium deposition at 50 μM.
Molecules. 2016 Dec 29;22(1):42
Mouse osteoblast precursor MC3T3-E1 cells
50, 100 μM
14 days
To evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Re on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, results showed significant promotion of ALP activity at 50-100 μM.
Molecules. 2016 Dec 29;22(1):42
Mouse osteoblast precursor MC3T3-E1 cells
5, 10, 25, 50, 100 μM
24 hours
To evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Re on cell viability in MC3T3-E1 cells, results showed no cytotoxicity at 100 μM.
Molecules. 2016 Dec 29;22(1):42
Cardiac fibroblasts
50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L, 200 μmol/L
24 hours
To investigate the effect of Ginsenoside Re on AngII-induced fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts. Results showed that Ginsenoside Re could inhibit the expression of collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA, alleviating fibrosis.
J Ginseng Res. 2023 Mar;47(2):218-227
human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs)
3 μM
6 hours
To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Re on autophagy, results showed that ginsenoside Re increased LC3-II conversion and Beclin 1 expression, promoting autophagy.
J Ginseng Res. 2023 May;47(3):440-447
mouse small intestine interstitial cells of Cajal
20-40 μM
To investigate the effects of Ginsenoside Re on the pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal, results showed that Ginsenoside Re decreased the amplitude and frequency of pacemaker activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
J Ginseng Res. 2015 Oct;39(4):314-21
HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells
2.5, 5.5 or 7.5 µg/ml
1 hour
Ginsenoside Re protected hippocampal neuronal cells by reducing inflammatory and neurotoxic factors released from microglial cells.
Mol Med Rep. 2021 Oct;24(4):698
Mouse primary microglia
2.5, 5.5 or 7.5 µg/ml
1 hour
Ginsenoside Re inhibited NO production and the expression of iNOS and COX-2.
Mol Med Rep. 2021 Oct;24(4):698
BV2 microglial cells
2.5, 5.5 or 7.5 µg/ml
1 hour
Ginsenoside Re significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and ROS, and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2.
Mol Med Rep. 2021 Oct;24(4):698
HeLa-mitoKeima-PARKIN cells
25 and 50 μM
24 hours
To assess the ability of G-Re to induce mitophagy, results showed that G-Re significantly increased the population of mitophagy-positive cells.
J Ginseng Res. 2025 Jan;49(1):92-102
Ginsenoside Re/人参皂苷 Re 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
Mice
Wild-type mice and prodynorphin knockout mice
Intraperitoneal injection
20 mg/kg
Twice daily for 7 consecutive days (5 days before and 1 day after MA injection)
Ginsenoside Re protects methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity via upregulation of dynorphin-mediated κ-opioid receptor and downregulation of substance P-mediated neurokinin 1 receptor.
J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Feb 21;15(1):52
Zebrafish
Zebrafish scale model
Water solution
50 μM
Daily water replacement for 35 days
To evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Re on zebrafish scale mineralization, results showed significant increase in calcium deposition at 50 μM.
Molecules. 2016 Dec 29;22(1):42
C57BL/6 mice
Acute myocardial infarction model
Intragastric administration
19.5 mg/kg/d, 39 mg/kg/d
Once daily for 4 weeks
To investigate the effect of Ginsenoside Re on myocardial fibrosis in mice with acute myocardial infarction. Results showed that Ginsenoside Re could improve cardiac function, inhibit collagen deposition and cardiac fibroblast migration, promote miR-489 transcription, and reduce myd88 expression and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation.
J Ginseng Res. 2023 Mar;47(2):218-227
Caenorhabditis elegans
Wild-type N2 Caenorhabditis elegans and specific mutants
Oral
10, 20, and 50 μM
Continuous administration
To evaluate the effects of G-Re on lifespan and health metrics, results showed that G-Re extended lifespan and improved health metrics such as movement speed and stress resistance.
J Ginseng Res. 2025 Jan;49(1):92-102
Balb/c mice
Cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression model
Intraperitoneal injection
5 and 10 mg/kg
Once a day for 7 consecutive days
To investigate the effects of Ginsenoside Re on cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression, results showed that Re improved peripheral blood cell counts, bone marrow nucleated cell counts, thymus index, and spleen index, and regulated cytokine levels and cell cycle.
J Ginseng Res. 2019 Oct;43(4):618-624
Zebrafish
Zebrafish scale model
Water administration
5 μM
Once daily for 35 days
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ginsenoside Re on osteoclast differentiation in zebrafish scales, results showed that Ginsenoside Re significantly reduced TRAP-positive signals and the expression of osteoclast marker genes.
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