Urolithin B (30-100 μM; 24 h) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia by modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules. It suppresses NF-κB and AP-1 signaling while upregulating AMPK and downregulating the Akt, JNK, and ERK signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells[1]. Urolithin B (15 μM; 24 h) promotes the growth and differentiation of C2C12 muscle ducts through increased protein synthesis and suppression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway[2].
体内研究
Urolithin B (50 mg/kg; ip; once daily for 4 days) suppresses microglial activation in the brains of LPS-injected mice under neuroinflammatory conditions[1].
Urolithin B (10 μg/day; mini-osmotic pump delivery, 28 days) triggers muscle hypertrophy and diminishes muscle atrophy following sciatic nerve transection in mice[2].
体外研究
Urolithin B (30-100 μM; 24 h) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia by modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules. It suppresses NF-κB and AP-1 signaling while upregulating AMPK and downregulating the Akt, JNK, and ERK signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells[1].
Urolithin B (15 μM; 24 h) promotes the growth and differentiation of C2C12 muscle ducts through increased protein synthesis and suppression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway[2].
Urolithin B/尿石素B 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
Recombinant human MAO-B enzyme
100 µM
1 hour
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Urolithin B on MAO-B enzyme, results showed low inhibition (<10–20%).
Metabolites. 2020 Jun 19;10(6):258
Recombinant human MAO-A enzyme
0.4 and 2 µM
1 hour
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Urolithin B on MAO-A enzyme, results showed an IC50 value of 0.88 µM, displaying a mixed mode of inhibition.
Metabolites. 2020 Jun 19;10(6):258
RAW264.7 cells
0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 µM
2 and 5 days
To assess the effect of UB on cell viability. Results showed that UB concentrations below 100 μM did not affect cell viability.
J Cell Mol Med. 2022 Aug;26(16):4428-4439
BV2 cells
10 µM, 20 µM, 40 µM
2 hours pretreatment followed by 24 hours co-treatment withours LPS
To evaluate the effect of UB on LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells. UB significantly suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and M1 polarization marker iNOS expression, and partially restored the protein level of M2 polarization marker CD206.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025 Apr;31(4):e70379
C2C12 myotubes
15 µM
24 hours
Urolithin B enhances the growth and differentiation of C2C12 myotubes by increasing protein synthesis and repressing the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway.
To evaluate the protective effect of UB on H2O2-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in neuro-2a cells. Results showed that UB significantly reversed H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability and increase in LDH release, reduced ROS production and apoptosis.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 15;12:768097
Mouse podocytes
100 µM
24 hours or 48 hours
Evaluate the effect of high concentration Urolithin B on podocyte viability, results showed 100 µM UB significantly decreased podocyte viability
Cells. 2022 Aug 9;11(16):2471
Mouse podocytes
10 µM
24 hours or 48 hours
Evaluate the effect of Urolithin B on podocyte viability, results showed 10 µM UB significantly decreased podocyte viability
Cells. 2022 Aug 9;11(16):2471
RAW264.7 cells
1, 5, 25 µM
30 minutes to 3 days
Inhibited osteoclast-related gene and protein expression, down-regulated ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway
Cell Prolif. 2022 Oct;55(10):e13291
K562 cells
25 µMol/mL
48 hours
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Urolithin B on the proliferation of K562 cells, results showed that Urolithin B significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 22;22(11):5465
Jurkat cells
25 µMol/mL
48 hours
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Urolithin B on the proliferation of Jurkat cells, results showed that Urolithin B significantly inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 22;22(11):5465
Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs)
1, 5, 25 µM
5 days
Inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, reduced osteoclast number and area
Cell Prolif. 2022 Oct;55(10):e13291
RAW264.7 cells
0, 10, 50, 100 µM
5 days
To measure the effect of UB on RANKL-induced intracellular ROS production. Results showed that UB reduced intracellular ROS production in a dose-dependent manner.
J Cell Mol Med. 2022 Aug;26(16):4428-4439
RAW264.7 cells
0, 10, 30, 50, 100 µM
5 days
To evaluate the effect of UB on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Results showed that UB inhibited TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner.
J Cell Mol Med. 2022 Aug;26(16):4428-4439
Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs)
15 µM
5 minutes and 24 hours
To evaluate the effect of Urolithin B on NO release and eNOS activation. Results showed that Urolithin B at 15 μM did not significantly modify NO metabolite production in HAECs after both 5 min and 24 h of incubation.
Molecules. 2016 Aug 2;21(8):1009
Urolithin B/尿石素B 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
C57BL/6 J mice
Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression models
Intraperitoneal injection
10 mg/kg
Once daily for 7 days
To evaluate the effect of UB on depression-like behaviors, neuroinflammation, and microglial activation. UB significantly improved CUS- and LPS-induced depression-like behaviors, suppressed microglial activation and neuroinflammation, and restored the expression of SIRT1 and FOXO1 in the hippocampus.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025 Apr;31(4):e70379
Mice
Sciatic nerve denervation model
Continuous delivery via mini-osmotic pumps
10 μg/day
Continuous delivery for 28 days
Urolithin B induces muscle hypertrophy in mice and reduces muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve section.
Alleviated bone loss in OVX mice, reduced the number of NFATc1, MMP9 and TRAP-positive osteoclasts in bone tissues, and decreased serum CTX-1 content
Cell Prolif. 2022 Oct;55(10):e13291
Wistar rats
Normal-diet fed rats
Intraperitoneal (IP) injection
2.5 mg/kg
Four times a week for four weeks
To evaluate the effects of Urolithin B on liver and kidney functions and gut microbiota composition in normal-diet fed rats. Results showed that Urolithin B improved liver and kidney functions without affecting body weight. Additionally, Urolithin B induced the growth of Akkermansia and influenced the composition of other gut microbiota.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 29;13(11):3885
Human
Postpartum women
Oral
30 g of walnuts
Once daily for three days
To evaluate the association of urolithin metabotypes with the restoration of gut microbiota and anthropometric profiles postpartum. Results showed that metabotype-A mothers had a higher proportion of weight loss (≥2 kg) (75%) compared to metabotype-B (54%). The microbiota of metabotype-A mothers changed over the year, unlike metabotype-B, which barely changed.
Nutrients. 2019 Sep 3;11(9):2079
Human
Healthy individuals
Oral
33 g/day
Once daily for three days
To evaluate the impact of short-term walnut consumption on gut microbiota modulation in healthy individuals, showing that the gut microbiota of UM-B individuals was more sensitive to the walnut intervention.
Nutrients. 2019 Oct 16;11(10):2483
C57BL/6 mice
D-galactose-induced aging model
Intragastric gavage
50, 100, 150 mg/kg/day
Once daily for 8 weeks
To evaluate the protective effect of UB on cognitive deficits and brain injury in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Results showed that UB significantly ameliorated deficits in learning and memory by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, and promoting neuronal survival.
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