There will be a HazMat fee per item when shipping a dangerous goods. The HazMat fee will be charged to your UPS/DHL/FedEx collect account or added to the invoice unless the package is shipped via Ground service. Ship by air in Excepted Quantity (each bottle), which is up to 1g/1mL for class 6.1 packing group I or II, and up to 25g/25ml for all other HazMat items.
Type
HazMat fee for 500 gram (Estimated)
Excepted Quantity
USD 0.00
Limited Quantity
USD 15-60
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), Domestic
USD 80+
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), International
USD 150+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), Domestic
USD 100+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), International
The androgen receptor (AR) and the androgen-AR signaling pathway play a significant role in male sexual differentiation and the development and function of male reproductive and non-reproductive organs [7]. Flutamide, mainly used in the treatment of prostate cancer, is an antiandrogenic drug. Flutamida-OH is the active metabolite form of Flutamide and directly binds to the androgen receptor with Ki of 55 nM. In rat adenohypophysial cells in primary culture, the specific uptake of [3H] testosterone (T) is completely blocked by increasing concentrations of the pure antiandrogen flutamide-OH at an IC50 value of 50 nM [8]. In adult male rats, Treatment for 10 days with flutamide (5 mg/rat, twice daily) caused a marked stimulation of plasma testosterone (T) associated with a significant increase in plasma gonadotropin concentrations and inhibited plasma prolactin (PRL) levels. Moreover, flutamide treatment alone produces an important inhibition of ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weights associated with a significant decrease in prostatic beta-adrenergic receptor levels [9].
Flutamide/氟他胺 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
HepG2 cells
0.05–300 µM
2 hours
To compare the mitochondrial toxicity of flutamide, 2-hydroxyflutamide, and bicalutamide in glucose or galactose-conditioned cells. Flutamide and 2-hydroxyflutamide significantly reduced ATP content in galactose medium, indicating mitochondrial toxicity.
Toxicol Sci. 2016 Oct;153(2):341-51.
Mouse primary hepatocytes
10 µM or 50 µM
24 hours
FLU elevated Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1, Nqo1, and Gsta1 mRNA levels at both 10 and 50 μM, indicating that FLU directly activates the AhR signaling pathway.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2016 Nov 1;119:93-104.
HepG2 cells
5 µM, 20 µM, and 100 µM
24 hours
FLU significantly increased AhR-dependent luciferase activity at 5 μM and higher concentrations, indicating that FLU can activate AhR.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2016 Nov 1;119:93-104.
Hepa-1c1c7 cells
5 µM, 20 µM, and 100 µM
24 hours
FLU significantly increased AhR-dependent luciferase activity at 5 μM and higher concentrations, indicating that FLU can activate AhR.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2016 Nov 1;119:93-104.
Human keratinocytes (HaCaT)
5 mg/ml
72 hours
To investigate the effect of Flutamide on HaCaT cell proliferation, results showed that F-PCL and DF-PCL scaffolds significantly increased HaCaT cell proliferation.
FASEB J. 2022 May;36(5):e22310.
Flutamide/氟他胺 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
C57BL/6N
C57BL/6N mice
Gavage
200 mg/kg
Once daily for 28 days
After 28 days of FLU treatment, a significant increase in liver weights and liver/body weight ratios was observed, along with elevated bile acid levels in serum and liver, indicating that FLU induced hepatomegaly and disrupted bile acid homeostasis.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2016 Nov 1;119:93-104.
BALB/C mice
Severe burn wound healing model
Topical administration
5 mg/ml
Single administration, lasting 28 days
To investigate the effect of Flutamide on burn wound healing in mice, results showed that F-PCL scaffolds significantly accelerated wound healing, and DF-PCL scaffolds further promoted wound healing.
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