Ginsenoside Rh1, a protopanaxatriol type ginsenoside. Ginsenoside Rh1 exhibits potent biological activities such as antistress, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Ginsenoside Rh1 might be useful in the treatment of sepsis by targeting HMGB1(High mobility group box 1) [3]. Ginsenoside Rh1 decreased the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-α, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein. Oral administration of ginsenoside Rh1 (20 mg/kg) suppressed body and epididymal fat weight gains and plasma triglyceride level in DIO (high fat diet-induced obesity) mice[4]. Ginsenoside Rh1 was not toxic to CRC cells at various concentrations (0, 50 or 100 µM) and treatment durations (24 or 48 h). However, cell proliferation was suppressed by Rh1 in a dose-dependent manner. Rh1 (100 µM) significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro[5]. Ginsenoside Rh1 is able to upregulate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) level, suggesting Rh1 may improve glucocorticoid efficacy in hormone-dependent diseases[6].
Ginsenoside Rh1/人参皂苷 Rh1 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
Human vascular endothelial cells
25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL
24 hours
Ginsenoside Rh1 significantly increased the proliferation and decreased the apoptosis of ox-LDL-treated VECs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ginsenoside Rh1 relieved oxidative stress in ox-LDL-treated VECs by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 1;79(3):335-341
MH-S cells
78.26 μM
3 hours
Evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ginsenoside Rh1 on LPS-induced inflammatory response
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Oct 27;12:709702
Rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs)
25 and 50 µM
24 hours
Rh1 dose-dependently suppressed Ang II-induced cell proliferation and migration, concomitantly reducing protein levels of MMP2, MMP9, PCNA, and cyclin D1.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Mar 27;11(4):643
MDA-MB-231 cells
25, 50, 100 μM
12 hours
To investigate the inhibitory effects of Rh1 on migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Rh1 treatment significantly inhibited BC metastasis by inhibiting the both protein and mRNA levels of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF-A.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 28;22(19):10458
MDA-MB-231 cells
25, 50, 100 μM
24 hours
To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Rh1 on MDA-MB-231 cell viability. Rh1 significantly inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells and increased the number of apoptotic cells.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 28;22(19):10458
Peritoneal macrophages
25 μg/mL
20 minutes
To assess LPS binding to TLR4, results showed that the combination of Rg2 and Rh1 significantly inhibited LPS binding to TLR4.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 11;21(18):6656
RAW264.7 cells
0 to 50 μg/mL
24 hours
To evaluate cell viability and inflammatory mediator production, results showed that Rh1 and the combination of Rg2 and Rh1 significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production and iNOS expression.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 11;21(18):6656
MCF-7 cells
10, 25, 50, 100 µM
10 days
To evaluate the effect of Rh1 on colony formation in MCF-7 cells, the results showed that Rh1 significantly inhibited colony formation.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Apr 15;13(8):1892
BT474 cells
25, 50, 100, 150 µM
72 hours
To evaluate the effect of Rh1 on the viability of BT474 cells, the results showed that Rh1 had a weak inhibitory effect on BT474 cells with an IC50 value greater than 150 µM.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Apr 15;13(8):1892
HCC1428 cells
25, 50, 100, 150 µM
72 hours
To evaluate the effect of Rh1 on the viability of HCC1428 cells, the results showed that Rh1 significantly inhibited cell viability with an IC50 value of 147.4 µM.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Apr 15;13(8):1892
murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7)
100 μM
48 hours
Evaluate the cytotoxicity of PEG-Rh1 on RAW 264.7 cells, results showed no significant cytotoxicity
Molecules. 2019 Nov 29;24(23):4367
human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549)
100 μM
48 hours
Evaluate the cytotoxicity of PEG-Rh1 on A549 cells, results showed PEG-Rh1 had higher cytotoxicity than Rh1
Molecules. 2019 Nov 29;24(23):4367
RAW 264.7 Murine macrophage cells
100 µg/mL
24 hours
To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of G-Rh1 on RAW 264.7 cells, results showed low toxicity at 100 µg/mL
Molecules. 2022 Nov 28;27(23):8311
A549 lung cancer cells
100 µg/mL
24 hours
To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of G-Rh1 on A549 cells, results showed significant inhibition of cell proliferation at 100 µg/mL
Molecules. 2022 Nov 28;27(23):8311
Ginsenoside Rh1/人参皂苷 Rh1 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
ICR mice
LPS-induced acute liver and kidney injury model
Intraperitoneal injection
20 mg/kg
Single injection, lasting 6 or 24 hours
To evaluate the protective effects against LPS-induced acute liver and kidney injury, results showed that the combination of Rg2 and Rh1 significantly alleviated histopathological damage and inflammatory responses.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 11;21(18):6656
Nude mice
MCF-7 cell xenograft model
Intraperitoneal injection
2 and 5 mg/kg
Every three days for 16 days
To evaluate the antitumor effect of Rh1 in vivo, the results showed that Rh1 significantly reduced tumor volume and weight, increased ROS production and the expression of LC3B and cleaved caspase-3, and decreased Akt phosphorylation.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Apr 15;13(8):1892
SD rats
High-fat diet-induced NAFLD model
Intraperitoneal injection
3 mg/kg/day
Once daily for 1 week
Evaluate the therapeutic effects of Rh1 on HFD-induced NAFLD. Results showed that Rh1 significantly improved liver function, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance, and reduced liver fibrosis.
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 20;7:41144
Sprague-Dawley rats
COPD rat model
Oral
5.5 mg/kg/d
Once daily for 8 weeks
Evaluate the therapeutic effect of Ginsenoside Rh1 on COPD rats
搜索
