Shogaol ([6]-Shogaol), an active compound isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc), exhibits a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation[3]. Shogaol is identified to be cytotoxic in various cell lines, with KB (IC50=7.4±2.2 μM) and HL60 (IC50=7.9±2.0 μM) cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol[4]. 6-shogaol (IC50=8 μM) has much stronger growth inhibitory effects than 6-gingerol (IC50=150 μM) on HCT-116 human colon cancer cells[5]. 6-Shogaol inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 production in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, 6-Shogaol inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation by inhibiting phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In addition, 6-Shogaol could increase the expression of PPAR-γ. Moreover, inhibition of PPAR-γ by GW9662 could prevent the inhibition of 6-Shogaol on LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production[6]. Orally administered 6-shogaol drug delivery system that effectively targets colitis tissue, alleviates colitis symptoms, and accelerates colitis wound repair[7].
Shogaol/姜烯酚 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
Caco-2 cells
5, 10, 20 μg/mL
24 hours
To investigate the effects of 6-shogaol on glucose uptake and intestinal barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells. Results showed that 6-shogaol inhibited glucose uptake, down-regulated the expression of glucose transporters GLUT2 and SGLT1, and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin.
Foods. 2023 Jan 21;12(3):503
R-CCRF-CEM (T-ALL)
10-200 µM
72 hours
To evaluate the effect of 6-shogaol on the viability of R-CCRF-CEM cells, results showed that 6-shogaol inhibited cell viability at higher concentrations.
J Cell Mol Med. 2021 May 3;25(13):6148–60
RN95 (B-ALL)
10-200 µM
72 hours
To evaluate the effect of 6-shogaol on the viability of RN95 cells, results showed that 6-shogaol inhibited cell viability at higher concentrations.
J Cell Mol Med. 2021 May 3;25(13):6148–60
CCRF-CEM (T-ALL)
10-200 µM
72 hours
To evaluate the effect of 6-shogaol on the viability of CCRF-CEM cells, results showed that 6-shogaol inhibited cell viability at higher concentrations.
J Cell Mol Med. 2021 May 3;25(13):6148–60
Nalm-6 (B-ALL)
10-200 µM
96 hours
To evaluate the effect of 6-shogaol on the viability of Nalm-6 cells, results showed that 6-shogaol significantly inhibited cell viability at higher concentrations.
J Cell Mol Med. 2021 May 3;25(13):6148–60
Shogaol/姜烯酚 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
C57BL/6 male mice
Stress-induced IBS model
Gavage
0.1 to 1 mg/kg
Once daily for 2 weeks
6-Shogaol significantly increased the AWR score, number of defecation particles, and fecal water content of IBS mice in a dose-dependent manner, and increased inflammatory infiltration of the intestinal mucosa and inhibited the differentiation and regeneration of ICSCs
Research (Wash D C). 2024 Nov 7;7:0524
C57BL/6j male mice
Pressure-overload-induced heart failure model
Oral
0.2 or 1 mg/kg
Once daily for 8 weeks
Prevented TAC-induced systolic dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy, significantly inhibited TAC-induced increases in histone H3K9 acetylation
Nutrients. 2023 May 8;15(9):2232
Wistar rats
Rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model
Oral
10 and 20 mg/kg
Daily administration for 28 days
6-Shogaol significantly improved rotenone-induced behavioral and biochemical abnormalities, including motor function, antioxidant status, inflammatory response, and neurotransmitter levels.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Oct 9;17(10):1348
Mice
Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model
Intraperitoneal injection
10 mg/kg
Single injection, lasting for 3 hours
To evaluate the analgesic effect of [6]-Shogaol on oxaliplatin-induced cold and mechanical allodynia. Results showed that 10 mg/kg of [6]-Shogaol significantly alleviated oxaliplatin-induced cold and mechanical allodynia, lasting for 3 hours.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Jun 8;15(6):726
Mice
Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model
Intraperitoneal injection
10 mg/kg
Single administration, evaluated after 1 hour
To evaluate the alleviating effect of [6]-Shogaol on oxaliplatin-induced cold and mechanical allodynia, results showed that [6]-Shogaol significantly alleviated pain.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Oct 15;16(10):1465
C57BL/6 mice
MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model
Oral
10 mg/kg/day
Once daily for 3 days
To investigate the protective effects of 6-shogaol against MPTP-induced movement impairment and dopaminergic neuronal damage. Results showed that 6-shogaol significantly improved motor coordination, increased the number of TH-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta and TH-IR fiber intensity in the striatum, and inhibited microglial activation and increases in TNF-α, NO, iNOS, and COX-2 levels.
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013 Sep;34(9):1131-9
Swiss albino mice
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) model
Intraperitoneal injection
10, 20 and 30 mg/kg/day
Once daily for 14 days
6-Shogaol (higher dose) was able to attenuate anxiety/depression-like behaviors in mice with TBI. 6-Shogaol treatment also altered MDA formation and expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β that act as major inflammation-inducing cytokines in brain tissue. Additionally, brain BDNF levels were also affected by 6-Shogaol treatment.
ACS Omega. 2021 Dec 28;7(1):140-148
Mice
Pirt-GCaMP6s transgenic mice
Ex vivo gastroesophageal-vagal preparation
100 μM
Pretreatment for 30 min followed by vincristine application for 30 min in presence of 6-shogaol
6-shogaol attenuated vincristine-induced activation of vagal C-fibers via TRPA1 channel desensitization
Molecules. 2022 Nov 2;27(21):7465
ICR mice
LPS-induced sepsis-associated liver injury model
Oral
20 mg/kg
7 consecutive days
To investigate the protective effect of 6-Shogaol on LPS-induced liver injury. Results showed that 6-Shogaol significantly improved liver function markers (ALT and AST), enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT), reduced MDA levels, and alleviated inflammatory response by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 28;13(10):3427
C57BL/6J mice
Methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) dietary model of NASH
Intraperitoneal injection
20 mg/kg
Three times a week for four weeks
6-Shogaol effectively mitigated liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in MCD diet-fed mice by inhibiting oxidative stress, cell death, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Molecules. 2024 Jan 15;29(2):419
Mice
Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury model
Intraperitoneal injection
20 mg/kg
Once daily for 3 consecutive days
To evaluate the protective effect of 6-Shogaol on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Results showed that 6-Shogaol ameliorated renal dysfunction and tubular injury, reduced oxidative stress, cell death, and inflammatory responses.
Molecules. 2021 Sep 30;26(19):5931
BALB/c nude mice
Ovarian cancer xenograft model
Intraperitoneal injection
40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg
Once a day for two days
6-shogaol at 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg indicated lower tumor volumes compared with the control. The body weight of all groups was not significant.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 30;24(3):2639
NOD/SCID nude mice
U937 xenograft model
Intraperitoneal injection
50 mg/kg
Once daily for 20 days
Inhibited tumor growth of U937 xenograft and induced apoptosis in tumor cells
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