Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA, with the other three being cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Adenine plays an important role in biochemistry, including cellular respiration and protein synethesis[1]. Cleave DNA preferentially at guanines, at adenines, at cytosines and thymines equally, and at cytosines alone. When the products of these four reactions are resolved by size, by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel, the DNA sequence can be read from the pattern of radioactive bands[2]. Purine formation requires tautomerization of 5 to the conjugated amidine 6 (via hydrogen-tunneling, thermally with H(+) -catalysis, or by photolysis) or to keteneimine 7 (by photolysis)[3]. The adenine-uracil interaction, which involves two hydrogen bonds (rather than three, as in guanine-cytosine pairing) is weak and nonspecific. Pairing of adenine with many other partners has been observed with monomers, synthetic oligonucleotides and in RNA[4]. In addition to DNA cytosine methylation (5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, m5dC), DNA adenine methylation (N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine, m6dA) is another DNA modification that has been discovered in eukaryotes[5].
Adenine HCl/腺嘌呤单盐酸盐 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
L. major promastigotes
0.2 mM
Used as part of the culture medium to maintain the culture of L. major promastigotes, no specific experimental purpose or results mentioned
J Biol Chem. 2022 Feb;298(2):101539.
D20 cells
0.18 mM
Used to culture D20 cells for studying oral dysplasia
Br J Cancer. 2011 Nov 8;105(10):1582-92.
Primary RDEB patient keratinocytes
0.18 mM
Used for culturing keratinocytes to support their growth and proliferation.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2018 Jun 1;11:68-78.
Adenine HCl/腺嘌呤单盐酸盐 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
Mice
Gna11-KO mouse model
Dietary administration
0.2% adenine diet
4 weeks
To induce chronic renal injury model for studying the elevation of FGF23 protein levels in serum and femurs
JCI Insight. 2024 Mar 26;9(9):e178993
DBA/2 mice
Chronic kidney disease mouse model
Dietary administration
0.25% adenine diet
5 weeks (from 14 to 19 weeks of age)
To study the formation of arterial medial calcification in adenine-induced CKD mouse model, results showed that high phosphorus diet and adenine together induced severe arterial medial calcification.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Nov 16;6(11):e007248
C57BL/6J male mice
Chronic kidney disease mouse model
Dietary administration
0.2% adenine diet
6 weeks
To establish a chronic kidney disease mouse model and evaluate the effects of adenine diet on renal function and neuronal injury. The results showed that adenine diet caused renal dysfunction and neuronal injury.
J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Sep 1;19(1):213
Mice
Chronic kidney disease model
Oral
0.2% adenine diet
8 weeks
To evaluate the effect of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease on bone health, results showed that adenine diet caused anemia and bone loss.
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