Puromycin aminonucleoside is the aminonucleoside portion of the antibiotic puromycin, and used in nephrosis animal models[3]. Puromycin aminonucleoside (30 μg/mL) markedly increases p53 protein levels in podocytes. Puromycin aminonucleoside-induced podocyte apoptosis is p53 dependent and time-dependent[4]. PAN (Puromycin Aminonucleoside) treatment increased ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress markers such as activating transcription factor (ATF) 6α and caspase-12 in a dose-dependent manner at 12 and 24 hours, respectively. PAN-induced ER stress increased oxidative stress and subsequently induced apoptosis, and could be mitigated by inhibition of PI3-kinase signaling[5]. Rats given Puromycin aminonucleoside (100 mg/kg, s.c.) gain less weight and their serum creatinine levels are higher than the control rats. The pathogenesis of PAN toxicity is closely related to adenosine metabolism and that ADA (adenosine deaminase) plays a key role in this model[6]. In PAN-treated MCs (mesangial cells), ERRα (estrogen-related receptor-α) overexpression further aggravated PAN-induced apoptosis[7].
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