Formononetin is the main compound of red clover plants, which belongs to herbal isoflavone. in vivo, formononetin could reduce the nephrotoxicity by decreasing the accumulation of cisplatin in renal tubular cells. After formononetin treatment (15, 50, 75 mg/kg), the levels of BUN(blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA level of Kim-1 in the kidneys was significantly elevated at 48 h[3]. Moreover, formononetin inhibits neuroinflammation by targeting NF-κB signalling pathway in BV2 microglia[4].
Formononetin/刺芒柄花素 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
HCC827 OR
10μM
24 hours
Formononetin significantly inhibited the cell viability of HCC827 OR cells.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Apr 10;39(1):62.
H1299
10μM
24 hours
Formononetin significantly inhibited the cell viability of H1299 cells.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Apr 10;39(1):62.
A549
10μM
24 hours
Formononetin significantly inhibited the cell viability of A549 cells.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Apr 10;39(1):62.
H1975
10μM
24 hours
Formononetin significantly inhibited the cell viability of H1975 cells.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Apr 10;39(1):62.
H3255
10μM
24 hours
Formononetin significantly inhibited the cell viability of H3255 cells.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Apr 10;39(1):62.
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
10 μM
24 hours
FN stabilizes NRF2 levels in HUVECs, protecting cells from oxaliplatin-induced damage.
Redox Biol. 2020 Sep;36:101677.
Mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons
10 μM
24 hours
FN protects DRG neurons from oxaliplatin-induced damage by activating the NRF2-GSTP1 axis.
Redox Biol. 2020 Sep;36:101677.
ND7/23 neuron cells
10 μM
24 hours
FN protects neurons from oxaliplatin-induced damage by activating the NRF2 pathway, increasing NRF2 protein levels and reducing ROS production.
Redox Biol. 2020 Sep;36:101677.
BUMPT cells
25 mg/kg
3 days
Induced PRDM16 expression, peaking at 25 mg kg−1
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Feb;11(7):e2306704.
Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs)
1-5 μM
24 hours
Inhibited oxLDL-induced foam cell formation and reduced lipid droplet accumulation
Theranostics. 2020 Jan 1;10(3):1090-1106.
Peritoneal macrophages (PMs)
1-5 μM
24 hours
Inhibited oxLDL-induced foam cell formation and reduced lipid droplet accumulation
Theranostics. 2020 Jan 1;10(3):1090-1106.
Hep3B cells
20μM, 40μM
Formononetin treatment inhibited the binding of SLUG to the promoter of E-cadherin, upregulated the expression level of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, cytokeratin, and occludin), and downregulated the expression level of mesenchymal markers (Vimentin, N-cadherin, and myosin).
Theranostics. 2019 Jan 1;9(2):573-587.
PLC-PRF-5 cells
20μM, 40μM
Formononetin treatment inhibited the binding of SLUG to the promoter of E-cadherin, upregulated the expression level of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, cytokeratin, and occludin), and downregulated the expression level of mesenchymal markers (Vimentin, N-cadherin, and myosin).
Theranostics. 2019 Jan 1;9(2):573-587.
BUMPT cells
20 µM
30 minutes
Formononetin significantly reduced I/R-stimulated BUMPT cell apoptosis and inhibited the activation of p38MAPK and JNK by upregulating the PRDM16/S100A6/PKC-η/ROS signaling pathways.
MedComm (2020). 2024 Sep 21;5(10):e737.
Formononetin/刺芒柄花素 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
Nude mice
Xenograft model
Intraperitoneal injection
10 mg/kg
Once daily until the endpoint of the experiment
Formononetin significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors, including HCC827, H3255, H1975, A549, and H1299-derived tumors.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Apr 10;39(1):62.
C57BL/6 male mice
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy model
Intraperitoneal injection
10.0 mg/kg
Daily injections for two cycles (5 days of injection and 5 days of rest per cycle)
FN alleviates mechanical and cold sensitivity in mice by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway and reduces morphological damage in DRG neurons.
Attenuated renal fibrosis, MAPK activation, and TGF-β1 expression
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Feb;11(7):e2306704.
Nude mice
Hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model
Subcutaneous injection
100 mg/kg
Every 2 days for 15 days
Formononetin treatment inhibited tumor volume, fluorescence intensity, tumor weight, and the formation of pulmonary metastatic nodules. IHC analysis showed that Formononetin treatment decreased the expression of SLUG, Vimentin, and Ki67, and increased the expression of E-cadherin.
Theranostics. 2019 Jan 1;9(2):573-587.
C57BL/6J mice
Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model
Tail vein injection
20 mg/kg
Single dose, observed for 18 hours
To evaluate the protective effect of Formononetin/PLGA on sepsis-induced multi-organ injury. Results showed that Formononetin/PLGA inhibited ferroptosis by upregulating the PRDM16/NRF2/GPX4 axis, alleviating sepsis-induced kidney injury and other organ injuries.
Redox Biol. 2024 Dec;78:103417.
Mice
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) model
Oral administration
25 mg/kg
3 consecutive days
Formononetin significantly ameliorated the progression of I/R- and cisplatin-triggered AKI in mice by regulating the PRDM16/S100A6/PKC-η/ROS/p38MAPK and JNK axes.
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