Decanoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. Decanoic acid, but not the ketones β-hydroxybutryate or acetone, shows antiseizure activity in two acute ex vivo rat hippocampal slice models of epileptiform activity. It has a strong inhibitory effect on excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurotransmission in hippocampal slices. The direct inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission by decanoic acid in the brain contributes to the anti-convulsant effect of the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet[2]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium-chain triclycerides, contributes to seizure control through direct α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor inhibition, whereas drugs targeting lactate dehydrogenase reduce seizures through inhibition of a metabolic pathway[3]. The presence of decanoic acid, even at a low concentration (0.2 g/L), inhibited the transformation of 10-hydroxydecanoic acid to sebacic acid. Moreover, about 24-32% reduction in the decanoic acid oxidation was observed in the presence of 0.5-1.5 g/L 10-hydroxydecanoic acid[4]. Combination treatment using perampanel and dietary decanoic acid to provide enhanced seizure control[5].
Decanoic Acid/癸酸 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
TSC patient-derived astrocytes
300 μM
24 h
Decanoic acid reduced the ratio of p-4E-BP1/total-4E-BP1 in astrocytes derived from healthy controls and patients with TSC1 mutations
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 22;117(38):23617-23625
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 22;117(38):23617-23625
Dictyostelium cells
60 μM
1 or 24 h
Decanoic acid decreased p-4E-BP1 levels at 1 and 24 h
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 22;117(38):23617-23625
Dictyostelium discoideum ent13− cells
20 µM
4 days
Decanoic acid treatment in ent13− cells showed no significant change in gene expression compared to WT cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Sep 3;121(36):e2321874121
Dictyostelium discoideum
20 µM
4 days
Decanoic acid treatment significantly increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Sep 3;121(36):e2321874121
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
30 mM
1 μs
To assess the mechanism of decanoic acid entering the active site of PlaF through tunnel T3 from the aqueous milieu, revealing that C10 tends to access T3 tail-first and may interfere with substrate binding
JACS Au. 2024 Feb 27;4(3):958-973
Dictyostelium discoideum
60 μM
4 or 24 h
Decanoic acid treatment significantly increased the number of GFP-Atg8 positive structures, indicating enhanced autophagosome formation.
Cells. 2021 Oct 29;10(11):2946
Hippocampal CA1 astrocytes
200 µM
1 hour
To investigate the effect of decanoic acid on AMPA-mediated calcium transients in hippocampal CA1 astrocytes of 5xFAD mice. Results showed that preincubation with decanoic acid significantly increased the amplitude of calcium transients in 5xFAD astrocytes, restoring them to levels comparable to wild-type controls.
Biomolecules. 2023 Sep 27;13(10):1461
Hippocampal CA1 neurons
200 µM
1 hour
To investigate the effect of decanoic acid on AMPA-mediated calcium transients in hippocampal CA1 neurons of 5xFAD mice. Results showed that preincubation with decanoic acid significantly increased the amplitude of calcium transients in 5xFAD neurons, restoring them to levels comparable to wild-type controls.
Biomolecules. 2023 Sep 27;13(10):1461
HT22 hippocampal neurons
250 µM
1 week
Significantly increased SIRT1 enzyme activity and upregulated activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I+III and IV, indicating enhanced mitochondrial function
Nutrients. 2020 Aug 8;12(8):2379
human skin fibroblast cells
250 μM
6 days
Investigated the effects of decanoic acid on mitochondrial function, showing increased citrate synthase activity in 50% of fibroblasts from LS patients
J Inherit Metab Dis. 2016 May;39(3):415-426
Xenopus oocytes
1 mM
To assess the direct effect of decanoic acid on AMPA receptor activity, results showed that decanoic acid significantly inhibited AMPA receptor currents.
Brain. 2016 Feb;139(Pt 2):431-43
CA1 pyramidal neurons
300 μM
To study the effect of decanoic acid on excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), results showed that decanoic acid decreased EPSC amplitude by 38.9±5.5%.
Brain. 2016 Feb;139(Pt 2):431-43
rat hippocampal slices
1 mM
40 min
To evaluate the antiseizure activity of decanoic acid, results showed that decanoic acid completely blocked epileptiform activity in both models.
Brain. 2016 Feb;139(Pt 2):431-43
Decanoic Acid/癸酸 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
Mice
Seizure models
Gastric gavage
30 mmol/kg
To evaluate the antiseizure effects of decanoic acid, results showed that decanoic acid increased brain decanoic acid concentrations (up to 240 μM).
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