Citric Acid, widely existing in plants and animals, is commonly used in many food products as food additive [1-2] . In vitro studies, it was observed that citric acid had cytotoxicity on murine macrophages, when 15% citric acid was added into the cell culture with 5 x 105murine macrophages [3] . In vivo studies, microinjection of 7.5% citric acid into the larynx could induce a stable cough in guinea pig [4] . Besides this, it was found that citric acid could ameliorate ketosis and diabetic complications in streptozotocin (type 1) diabetic rats [2] .
Citric acid/柠檬酸 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
Tall fescue leaf cells
0, 0.2, 2, 20 mM
15 days
To investigate the protective role of exogenous citric acid on tall fescue under heat stress, results showed that citric acid treatment alleviated the adverse effects of heat stress on tall fescue, as evidenced by decreased EL and MDA content, and improved plant growth under stress conditions.
Front Plant Sci. 2016 Feb 18;7:179
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto)
5 mM
1 hour
To test the antibacterial effect of citric acid-endolysin combination against another Pseudomonas pathogen, showing no viable bacteria.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2024 Mar 20;90(3):e0184623
To test the antibacterial effect of citric acid-endolysin combination against copper-resistant Psa, showing bacterial viability below the detection limit.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2024 Mar 20;90(3):e0184623
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa)
5 mM
1 hour
To evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effect of citric acid with phage endolysin ΦPsa374, resulting in bacterial viability below the detection limit (~5 log reduction).
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2024 Mar 20;90(3):e0184623
To investigate the potentiating effect of citrate on ASIC currents in primary sensory neurons. Results showed that citrate significantly enhanced amiloride-sensitive acid currents.
J Neurosci. 2021 May 26;41(21):4596-4606
HEK293 cells
1-30 mM
3 seconds
To investigate the potentiating effect of citrate on ASIC1 currents. Results showed that citrate significantly enhanced ASIC1-mediated inward currents in a concentration-dependent manner.
J Neurosci. 2021 May 26;41(21):4596-4606
Thoracic aorta from SHRs
0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mM
To evaluate the vasorelaxant effects of citric acid. Results showed that citric acid induced 45.1% vasorelaxation at 3.0 mmol/L and 74.1% at 5.0 mmol/L. The EC50 value was 3.68 mmol/L.
Nutrients. 2023 Sep 3;15(17):3849
Citric acid/柠檬酸 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum)
Not used
Foliar spray
0, 0.2, 2, 20 mM
Weekly for 15 days
To investigate the protective role of exogenous citric acid on tall fescue under heat stress, results showed that citric acid treatment alleviated the adverse effects of heat stress on tall fescue, as evidenced by decreased EL and MDA content, and improved plant growth under stress conditions.
Front Plant Sci. 2016 Feb 18;7:179
Male C57BL/6 mice
Intraplantar injection model
Intraplantar injection
25 mM
Single injection
To investigate the potentiating effect of citrate on acid-induced pain behavior. Results showed that neutral citrate alone did not induce pain responses but significantly enhanced pain behavior induced by acidic solutions.
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