There will be a HazMat fee per item when shipping a dangerous goods. The HazMat fee will be charged to your UPS/DHL/FedEx collect account or added to the invoice unless the package is shipped via Ground service. Ship by air in Excepted Quantity (each bottle), which is up to 1g/1mL for class 6.1 packing group I or II, and up to 25g/25ml for all other HazMat items.
Type
HazMat fee for 500 gram (Estimated)
Excepted Quantity
USD 0.00
Limited Quantity
USD 15-60
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), Domestic
USD 80+
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), International
USD 150+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), Domestic
USD 100+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), International
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGF-Rs) are important regulators for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGFs and VEGF-Rs are not only expressed on endothelial cells but also on various subtypes of solid tumors and leukemias contributing to the growth of the malignant cells[2]. VEGF rapidly induced tyrosine phosphorylation of type 1 and type 2 VEGF receptors. Physical association between VEGF-receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) was induced by VEGF, which augmented PI3K activity in VEGF-R2 immunoprecipitates[3]. In a human melanoma xenograft mouse model, blockade of both VEGF-R2 and Tie-2 pathways or the VEGF receptor pathway alone resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis (92.2 % and 74.4 %)[4]. (Z)-Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells by causing apoptosis. Z-guggulsterone inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF-R2–Akt signaling axis. In HUVEC, Z-guggulsterone (10, 20 μM; 24 or 48 hours) induces a reduction in the level of VEGF-R2 protein. In tumor volume and wet tumor weight, Z-guggulsterone (p.o.; 1 mg; 5 times/week) causes a statistically significant reduction[5].
(Z)-Guggulsterone/孕二烯二酮 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
AML12 cells
10 µM
12 h
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of (Z)-Guggulsterone on viral replication, results showed that (Z)-Guggulsterone significantly reduced the fluorescence of VSV-GFP.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024 Aug;14(8):3513-3527.
Huh7 cells
10 µM
16 h
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of the FXR inhibitor (Z)-Guggulsterone on viral infection, results showed that (Z)-Guggulsterone significantly reduced the ratio of VSV-GFP positive cells.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024 Aug;14(8):3513-3527.
CD18/HPAF cells
5–100 µM
24–72 h
GS treatment resulted in dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition and decreased colony formation.
Cancer Lett. 2013 Dec 1;341(2):166-77.
4T1 mouse breast cancer cells
50 µM
Z-guggulsterone obliterated the anti-apoptotic effect of DC by blocking the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and reduced the expression level of Flk-1.
Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10(6):R106
Barrett's esophagus-derived cells (CP-18821)
20 μM
48 h
To evaluate the effect of (Z)-Guggulsterone on apoptosis in Barrett's esophagus cells. Results showed that (Z)-Guggulsterone significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells (15.1% ± 3.5% vs 6.9% ± 0.8%, p = 0.02) and further confirmed by caspase 3 activity assay (177 ± 15 vs 53 ± 7; p = 7·10-4).
Mol Cancer. 2006 Oct 20;5:48.
(Z)-Guggulsterone/孕二烯二酮 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
C57BL/6 mice
VSV infection model
Intraperitoneal injection
10 mg/kg
Once daily for 5 days
To evaluate the effect of (Z)-Guggulsterone on the survival rate and lung tissue damage in virus-infected mice, results showed that (Z)-Guggulsterone significantly extended the survival rate and reduced inflammatory lesions in the lungs.
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