XA inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in a concentration-dependent manner, and its effect was blocked by the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495.
Sci Rep. 2015 Dec 8;5:17799
HEK293 cells expressing mGlu2 receptors
1 nM to 300 µM
10 minutes
XA inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in a concentration-dependent manner, and its effect was blocked by the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495.
Sci Rep. 2015 Dec 8;5:17799
Plasmodium gametocytes
50 µM
10-15 minutes
XA stimulates Plasmodium gametocytes to differentiate into gametes, activating the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway, leading to gamete formation and egress from erythrocytes.
Nat Commun. 2020 Apr 9;11(1):1764
GES-1 cells
10 µM
48 hours
XA treatment induced CDX2 expression
Cell Commun Signal. 2023 Jun 16;21(1):141
BGC823 cells
5 µM and 10 µM
48 hours
XA treatment led to a significant upregulation of CDX2, MUC2, and Villin mRNA expression, with dose-dependent enhancement of CDX2 expression
Cell Commun Signal. 2023 Jun 16;21(1):141
Bacillus subtilis
1 mM
monitored every hours
Test the antibacterial effect of xanthurenic acid, results showed 1 mM xanthurenic acid slightly inhibited the growth of B. subtilis
Biomolecules. 2021 Apr 12;11(4):563
Escherichia coli
1 mM
monitored every hours
Test the antibacterial effect of xanthurenic acid, results showed 1 mM xanthurenic acid slightly inhibited the growth of E. coli
Biomolecules. 2021 Apr 12;11(4):563
Xanthurenic acid/黄尿酸 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
C57BL/6 mice
Myocardial ischemia model
Intraperitoneal injection
100 mg/kg
8 days
The elevation of xanthurenic acid levels induced myocardial injury in vivo by promoting myocardial apoptosis and ferroptosis.
Int J Biol Sci. 2023 Jun 12;19(10):3077-3098
Mice
MK-801-induced hyperactivity model
Intraperitoneal injection
30 or 60 mg/kg
Single administration, observed for 180 minutes
XA reduced MK-801-induced hyperactivity in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect required the presence of mGlu2 receptors and was blocked by the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495.
Sci Rep. 2015 Dec 8;5:17799
C57BL/6J mice
DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model
Intragastric administration
300 mg/kg
Once daily for 5 consecutive days
XANA significantly alleviated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, evidenced by weight gain, reduced disease activity index, restored colon length, improved colonic pathological damage, regulated inflammatory cytokine levels, and restored intestinal barrier function.
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