Quinolinic acid, naturally produced in the body, acts as an agonist for the NMDA receptor. It is derived from L-tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway, which may contribute to NMDA receptor-related neuronal damage and dysfunction[1]. In the N18D3 cell line, a hybrid neuronal line created from the fusion of dorsal root ganglions from a 4-week-old Balb/C mouse and N18TG2 mouse neuroblastoma cells, a range of concentrations from 0 to 50 mM was tested over 24 hours. The results showed a proportional decline in cell survival, from 100±0.01% at 5 mM to 45.23±0.01% at 50 mM[2].
Quinolinic acid/喹啉酸 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
Rat cerebral cortex slices
10 µM to 5 mM
15 minutes
To study the effect of quinolinic acid on basal endogenous amino acid release, results showed no significant effect
Br J Pharmacol. 1988 Apr;93(4):868-76
Rat cerebral cortex slices
5 mM
15 minutes
To study the effect of quinolinic acid on basal or potassium-evoked [3H]-D-aspartate release, results showed no significant effect
Br J Pharmacol. 1988 Apr;93(4):868-76
HMC3 cells
50 µM
24 hours
To investigate the restorative effect of UA on QA-induced mitophagy impairment, results showed that UA restores mitophagy by promoting mitolysosome formation.
Biol Direct. 2023 Dec 20;18(1):86
HK2 cells
2.5 µM and 5 µM
24 hours
To test the effect of QA on kidney tubules, observed a concentration-dependent increase in fibronectin (FN1) and collagen (COL1A2), suggesting QA accumulation may contribute to fibrotic changes in kidney tubules.
JCI Insight. 2025 Feb 13;10(6):e180229
Primary cortical neurons
50 µM
24 hours
To investigate the effect of quinolinic acid on neurite and dendritic spines in primary cortical neurons, results showed that quinolinic acid reduced neurite length and spine density
J Clin Invest. 2023 Feb 15;133(4):e154612
SH-SY5Y cells
50 µM
24 hours
To investigate the effect of quinolinic acid on neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells, results showed that quinolinic acid reduced neurite length
J Clin Invest. 2023 Feb 15;133(4):e154612
Human fetal astrocytes
350 nM, 500 nM, 1200 nM
24 hours
To investigate whether quinolinic acid induces astrocyte apoptosis. Results showed that after 24 hours of treatment, 10% and 14% of astrocytes underwent apoptosis at 500 nM and 1200 nM concentrations, respectively.
J Neuroinflammation. 2005 Jul 26;2:16
BV2 microglial cells
50 µM
72 hours
To investigate the effect of QA on mitophagy, results showed that QA impairs mitophagy by inhibiting mitolysosome formation.
Biol Direct. 2023 Dec 20;18(1):86
Mouse oligodendroglial cell line N20.1
1 µM
72 hours
To assess the toxicity of quinolinic acid on oligodendrocytes and determine LD50
J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Dec 13;11:204
Mouse oligodendroglial cell line N19
0.5 µM
72 hours
To assess the toxicity of quinolinic acid on oligodendrocytes and determine LD50
J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Dec 13;11:204
Quinolinic acid/喹啉酸 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
Sprague Dawley and athymic nude rats
Huntington's disease model
Intracerebral injection
210 nmol
Single administration
To evaluate the effects of montelukast (MLK) on QA-induced neuroinflammation and regional metabolic functions
J Neuroinflammation. 2023 Feb 13;20(1):34
E. coli K12 MG1655
E. coli K12 MG1655
Shake-flask cultures
40 g/L glucose
37°C, 350 rpm, 4 days
Improved quinolinic acid production through metabolic engineering strategies, achieving up to 3.7 g/L in shake-flask cultures.
Metab Eng. 2021 Sep;67:164-172
C. elegans
SJZ42 foxEx3 [rgef-1p::tomm-20::Rosella]
NGM agar plates
5 mM
Treatment started from L4 stage, transferred to fresh drug plates every 2 days until day 5 of adulthood.
To investigate the effect of QA on healthspan in C. elegans, results showed that QA impairs healthspan by inhibiting mitolysosome formation.
Biol Direct. 2023 Dec 20;18(1):86
Wistar rats
Anesthetized rat cortical cup model
Topical application
5 mM
Single application, 10 minutes
To study the effect of quinolinic acid on endogenous amino acid release in anesthetized rat cerebral cortex, results showed significant increase in aspartate and glutamate release
Br J Pharmacol. 1988 Apr;93(4):868-76
Wistar rats
21-day old rats
Intraventricular infusion into the right lateral ventricle
9 mM
7 days
QA infusion impaired learning and short-term memory similar to Pb.
J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Sep 14;15(1):263
High school and collegiate football players
Concussed athlete model
Naturally produced
Serum Quinolinic acid concentration
Approximately 1 day, 8 days, 15 days, and 45 days post-injury
To test the hypothesis that the relationship between QuinA in serum and functional connectivity following concussion would depend on the presence of a prior concussion. Results showed a positive association between QuinA and connectivity strength in concussed athletes with prior concussion.
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