There will be a HazMat fee per item when shipping a dangerous goods. The HazMat fee will be charged to your UPS/DHL/FedEx collect account or added to the invoice unless the package is shipped via Ground service. Ship by air in Excepted Quantity (each bottle), which is up to 1g/1mL for class 6.1 packing group I or II, and up to 25g/25ml for all other HazMat items.
Type
HazMat fee for 500 gram (Estimated)
Excepted Quantity
USD 0.00
Limited Quantity
USD 15-60
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), Domestic
USD 80+
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), International
USD 150+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), Domestic
USD 100+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), International
Pyridostigmine bromide, a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, has been used to treat myasthenia gravis, reverse neuromuscular blockade, and prevent nerve gas (ie, soman) poisoning[3]. Pyridostigmine bromide may act on the heart, at least partially increasing the vagal parasympathetic activity, via the accumulation of acetylcholine in the myocardium[4]. Pyridostigmine(Bromide) significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy based on reduction in left ventricular weight/body weight, suppression of the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and β‐myosin heavy chain, and a reduction in cardiac fibrosis. [5].
Pyridostigmine bromide/溴化吡啶斯的明 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
Colonic myenteric plexus neurons and glia
250 µM
3 hours
To investigate the effects of PB and PEA on the activity of enteric neurons and glia. Results showed that PB pretreatment significantly reduced glial Ca2+ responses to PEA (61.0% decrease) and shifted the signaling mechanisms between neurons and glia from TRPV1-dependent to CB1 receptor- and PPARα-dependent pathways.
Neuropharmacology. 2020 Nov 15;179:108264
Rat neural progenitor cells
200 µM
6 days
To evaluate the effect of PY on cell viability, results showed PY did not affect cell viability at 200 μM
Neurochem Res. 2015 Oct;40(10):2091-101
Pyridostigmine bromide/溴化吡啶斯的明 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
Adult male Sprague Dawley rats
Acute diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) intoxication model
Intramuscular injection
0.1 mg/kg
Single dose, 30 minutes before DFP injection
To evaluate the effect of PB pretreatment on survival and brain AChE activity in DFP-intoxicated rats. Results showed no significant effect of PB pretreatment on 24-hour survival or brain AChE activity.
Neurotoxicology. 2019 Jul;73:81-84
Wistar rats
Myocardial infarction model
Drinking water administration
0.14 mg/mL
Daily administration for 12 weeks
To evaluate the effects of PYR alone or combined with exercise on left ventricle dimensions and function, baroreflex sensitivity, autonomic parameters, and systemic and tissue inflammatory profile after myocardial infarction. Results showed that PYR alone or combined with exercise improved the deleterious effects of MI, with additional benefits in skeletal muscle anti-inflammatory state when combined with resistance training.
Front Physiol. 2018 Feb 12;9:53
Rats
Gulf War Illness model
Oral gavage
1.3 mg/kg
Once daily for 14 days
To evaluate the effects of pyridostigmine bromide and stress on immune function and cholinergic neurochemistry. Results showed that pyridostigmine bromide and stress interact to enhance immune responses and alter cholinergic neurochemistry.
Brain Behav Immun. 2019 Aug;80:384-393
Male Sprague Dawley rats
Gulf War Illness (GWI) model
Oral gavage
1.3 mg/kg
Once daily for 14 days
To assess the long-term effects of pyridostigmine bromide and repeated restraint stress on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Results showed that PB treatment led to enhanced cholinergic responses and paradoxical increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
Neurobiol Stress. 2022 Apr 15;18:100446
Sprague Dawley rats
Gulf War Illness model
Oral gavage
1.3 mg/kg
Once daily for 14 days
To investigate the effects of PB and repeated restraint stress (RRS) on glutamatergic neurochemistry, showing that PB and stress interacted to produce brain-region specific effects on glutamate neurochemistry.
Neurobiol Stress. 2019 Dec 31;12:100210
Rats
Gulf War Illness model
Oral gavage
1.3 mg/kg
Once daily for 14 days
To evaluate the effects of pyridostigmine bromide and stress on cognitive function in a model of Gulf War Illness. Results showed that PB-treated rats exhibited hippocampal-dependent memory deficits at a delayed timepoint.
Brain Behav Immun. 2023 Oct;113:248-258
Mice
Anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) myasthenia gravis model
Subcutaneous minipump
16 mg/kg/day
Continuous for 7–9 days
Pyridostigmine treatment exacerbated the anti-MuSK-induced reductions in postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor density and endplate potential (EPP) amplitude.
J Physiol. 2013 May 15;591(10):2747-62
Male C57BL/6J mice
Gulf War Illness model
Subcutaneous injection
2 mg/kg
Once daily for 14 days
To evaluate the long-term effects of pyridostigmine bromide on behavior and neuroinflammation in a Gulf War Illness model. Results showed that pyridostigmine bromide, in combination with other chemicals, led to hyperactivity, impaired sensorimotor function, and altered gait in mice.
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2022 Nov 8;26:100553
Mice
Pressure overload heart failure model
Subcutaneous osmotic pump
2-10 mg/kg/day
Once daily for 28 days
To study the effects of PYR on cardiac function and rhythmicity in heart failure mice, results showed PYR improved cardiac contractile performance and rhythmic activity
J Cell Mol Med. 2021 May;25(10):4637-4648
Mice
Rosa26-DTMlc2v-Cre mouse model
Subcutaneous osmotic pump
3 mg/kg/d
Continuous administration for 7 days, followed by 3-5 days post-DT injection
To investigate the effect of pyridostigmine on inflammatory responses following myocardial injury. Results showed that pyridostigmine treatment significantly reduced mortality, cardiac inflammation, and infiltration of MHC-IIloCCR2+ monocytes in DT-injected Rosa26-DTMlc2v-Cre mice, and decreased CCL2/7 mRNA and protein expression.
JCI Insight. 2019 Jun 4;5(14):e128961
C57BL/6J mice
Chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy mouse model
Oral
30 mg/kg
Daily for 30 days
To assess the effects of pyridostigmine bromide on electrocardiographic, autonomic, histopathological, immunoinflammatory, and parasitological parameters in chronic Chagas disease in mice. Results showed that pyridostigmine bromide significantly reduced myocardial inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis, and hypertrophy, accompanied by a decrease in serum IFN-γ levels, suggesting a shift toward an anti-inflammatory immune response.
Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:475946
Sprague Dawley rats
Cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aorta constriction
Oral
31 mg/kg/day
Once daily for 8 weeks
Pyridostigmine increased acetylcholine levels by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, improved cardiac function, inhibited the CaN/NFAT3/GATA4 pathway, and suppressed Orai1/STIM1 complex formation.
J Cell Mol Med. 2017 Sep;21(9):2106-2116
Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs)
Acute myocardial infarction model
Gavage
40 mg/kg
Once daily for seven days
Pyridostigmine treatment increased parasympathetic tone, reduced M1/M2 macrophage ratio, decreased TNF levels in heart and spleen, and improved cardiac remodeling.
Sci Rep. 2021 May 5;11(1):9563
Spontaneously hypertensive rats
Spontaneously hypertensive rat model
Oral (via drinking water)
5 mg/kg/day and 15 mg/kg/day
Daily administration for 2 weeks
To evaluate the effects of pyridostigmine bromide on hemodynamic, cardiac morphofunctional, and cardiovascular autonomic adaptations in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Results showed that pyridostigmine bromide reduced BP and HR, increased vagal participation in cardiac autonomic tonic balance, and improved cardiac function parameters.
Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 25;11(1):17141
C57BL/6 mice
Gulf War Illness model
Drinking water
90 μg/mL
7 consecutive days
To evaluate the long-term effects of PB on gastrointestinal motility and neuroimmune function. Results showed that PB exposure alone did not cause significant long-term changes at 5 months but dramatically altered the effects of subsequent PEA exposure, leading to significant changes in gut motility, ENS function, and immune responses, which were sex-dependent.
Korea, Republic of
... 展开 >>
Ajou university school of medicine
Recruiting
Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of, 16377
Contact: In Kyong Yi, MD 收起 <<
Korea, Republic of
... 展开 >>
Ajou university school of medicine
Recruiting
Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of, 16377
Contact: In Kyong Yi, MD 收起 <<
China, Guangdong
... 展开 >>
the first affiliated hospital,SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY
Recruiting
GuangZhou, Guangdong, China, 510000
Contact: Liu Wei bin, dean 086-020-887755766 ext 8281 ranliuz@163.com
Principal Investigator: Liu Wei bin, dean 收起 <<
United States, Connecticut
... 展开 >>
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06510
United States, Florida
University of Miami
Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
United States, Kansas
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas, United States, 66160
United States, New York
University at Buffalo, Buffalo General Medical Center
Buffalo, New York, United States, 14203
United States, North Carolina
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
United States, Texas
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390
United States, Vermont
University of Vermont
Burlington, Vermont, United States, 05401
United States, Virginia
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22908
Canada, Alberta
University of Alberta Hospital
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2P4
Canada, Ontario
Toronto General Hospital
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4 收起 <<
United States, New York
... 展开 >>
New York Medical College/Bradhurst building
Recruiting
Hawthorne, New York, United States, 10532
Contact: Courtney R. Terilli, RN. BSN 914-593-8888 courtney_terilli@nymc.edu
Contact: Julian M. Stewart, M.D., Ph.D. 914-593-8888 julian_stewart@nymc.edu
Principal Investigator: Julian M. Stewart, M.D., Ph.D.
Sub-Investigator: Marvin S. Medow, Ph.D. 收起 <<
United States, New Jersey
... 展开 >>
Kessler Foundation Research Center
Recruiting
West Orange, New Jersey, United States, 07052
Contact: Alexander T Lombard, MS 973-324-3588 alombard@kesslerfoundation.org
Contact: Caitlyn G Katzelnick, MS 973-324-3588 ckatzelnick@kesslerfoundation.org
Principal Investigator: Jill M Wecht
United States, New York
James J Peters VAMC
Recruiting
Bronx, New York, United States, 10468
Contact: Matthew T Maher, MS 718-584-9000 ext 3122 Matthew.Maher@va.gov
Principal Investigator: Jill M Wecht, EdD 收起 <<
United States, Minnesota
... 展开 >>
Mayo Clinic
Recruiting
Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
Contact: Toni Gehrking 507-284-0336 adc.research@mayo.edu
Principal Investigator: Phillip A. Low, M.D. 收起 <<
United States, Minnesota
... 展开 >>
Mayo Clinic in Rochester
Recruiting
Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
Contact: Tonette Gehrking 507-284-0336 adc.research@mayo.edu
Principal Investigator: Phillip A. Low, MD 收起 <<
Belgium
... 展开 >> Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaire, Centre Hospitalier Régional de la Citadelle
Recruiting
Liège, Belgium, 4000
Contact: Stephanie Delstanche stephanie.delstanche@chrcitadelle.be
Contact: Severine Denis severine.denis@chrcitadelle.be
Principal Investigator: Stephanie Delstanche 收起 <<
United States, Florida
... 展开 >>
Diabetes Research Institute
Recruiting
Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
Contact: Maria Solano 305-243-6145
Principal Investigator: Maria del Pilar Solano, MD 收起 <<
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