Platycodin D (PLD) is a natural product isolated and purified from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum., which may stimulate TNF-α synthesis or inhibit degradation of TNF-α mRNA, and is an Hsp90 inhibitor which disrupting the co-chaperone interaction of Hsp90/cell division cycle protein 37 (Cdc37) and subsequently degrading multiple Hsp90 client proteins without the feedback increase of Hsp70[3]. Platycodin D repressed the osteoclast activity and enhanced bone mineral density in the mouse model. In C3H10T1/2 cells, platycodin D upregulated osteogenic markers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein, and collagen type 1 alpha 1, and transcription factors, such as Runx2 and osterix, subsequently enhancing the bone mineralization. Furthermore, platycodin D upregulated the ALP activity and enhanced the mineralization process in osteoblast cells via the sirtuin 1/β-catenin pathways[4]. Platycodin D reduces the protein level of PD-L1 in lung cancer cells via triggering its release into the cell culture medium[5]. PLD protected BV-2 cells from MPP+(1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) -induced inflammatory response via regulating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway[6]. PLD executes its protective effects on OGD/R(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion)-induced cell injury via regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in cortical neurons[7].
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