Patchouli alcohol (PA) is a natural tricyclic sesquiterpene extracted from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, and exhibits anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory properties. Treatment with PA for 2 weeks exhibited highly efficient protective effect against H. pylori-induced gastritis and related damages[3]. PA ameliorated DSS-induced (dextran sulfate sodium) mice acute colitis by suppressing inflammation, maintaining the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier, inhibiting cell death signaling, and suppressing tryptophan catabolism[4]. Treatment of patchouli alcohol reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner without toxicity. Oral gavage of patchouli alcohol led to a significant reduction of body weight and fat accumulation in the mice fed with HFD (high-fat diet)[5]. PA significantly inhibited different IAV (anti-influenza virus) strains multiplication in vitro, and may block IAV infection through inactivating virus particles directly and interfering with some early stages after virus adsorption[6].
Patchouli alcohol/百秋李醇 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs)
2.5, 5, 10, 20 µM
12 hours
To evaluate the protective effect of patchouli alcohol on OGD-exposed HBMECs. Results showed that patchouli alcohol significantly reduced the permeability of HBMECs and increased the expression of tight junction and adherens junction proteins.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 22;9:693533
Primary neurons
5, 10, 20 µM
24 hours
PTA ameliorated o-Aβ25-35-induced reduction of synapse-related proteins VAMP2 and PSD95 in primary neurons by enhancing ERβ/BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathways
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Sep;43(9):2226-2241
H9C2 cells
10 and 20 µM
24 hours
To evaluate the alleviating effect of PatA on high glucose (HG) + palmitic acid (PA)-induced fibrotic and inflammatory responses, results showed that PatA mitigated these responses by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 May 14;17(5):631
Primary microglia
5, 10, 20 µM
4 hours
PTA enhanced phagocytosis of o-FAM-Aβ42 in primary microglia by enhancing ERβ/TLR4 signaling
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Sep;43(9):2226-2241
BV2 cells
5, 10, 20 µM
4 hours
PTA enhanced phagocytosis of o-FAM-Aβ42 in BV2 cells by enhancing ERβ/TLR4 signaling
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Sep;43(9):2226-2241
Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs)
1-10 µM
5 days
To evaluate the effect of patchouli alcohol on osteoclast differentiation, results showed that PA dose-dependently inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jun 8;12:684976
Rat cardiomyocyte H9C2
1, 10, 100 µM
8 hours
To evaluate the effect of PA on the viability of H9C2 cells subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) treatment. PA treatment significantly increased the viability of SI/R-treated H9C2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Pharm Biol. 2022 Dec;60(1):949-957
Patchouli alcohol/百秋李醇 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
C57BL/6J mice
Ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis model
Intraperitoneal injection
10 mg/kg
Every 2 days for 6 weeks
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of patchouli alcohol on osteoporosis, results showed that PA significantly reduced bone loss and osteoclast numbers.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jun 8;12:684976
Sprague-Dawley rats
Spinal cord injury model
Intraperitoneal injection
10 mg/kg/day
Once daily for 56 days
To evaluate the protective effect of patchouli alcohol on the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury. Results showed that patchouli alcohol significantly improved neurological deficits and reduced the disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 22;9:693533
C57BL/6 male mice
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) model
Intraperitoneal injection
10, 20, 40 mg/kg
Once daily for 30 days
To evaluate the protective effect of PA on cardiac function in MI/R mice. PA treatment improved hemodynamic parameter changes and myocardial enzyme levels, increased left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening, reduced left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and inhibited CK-MB, cTnI, and cTnT levels. Additionally, PA attenuated myocardial tissue damage and apoptosis.
Pharm Biol. 2022 Dec;60(1):949-957
C57BL/6J mice
DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model
Oral gavage
20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg
Once daily for 14 days
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of PA on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, results showed PA significantly alleviated inflammatory response and intestinal barrier damage
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 20;14(1):16745
APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Alzheimer’s disease model
Oral gavage
20, 40 mg/kg/day
Once daily for 90 days
PTA reduced amyloid plaque deposition by promoting microglial phagocytosis and improved synaptic integrity through enhancing BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling, while ameliorating oxidative stress by increasing Catalase levels
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Sep;43(9):2226-2241
TgCRND8 transgenic mice
Alzheimer's disease model
Intragastric administration
25 and 50 mg/kg
Once daily for 4 consecutive months
Patchouli alcohol significantly improved activities of daily living (ADL), ameliorated the anxiety-related behavioral deficits and cognitive impairments in TgCRND8 mice. PA modulated the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. PA also markedly reduced the levels of beta-amyloid (Aβ) 40 and Aβ42, suppressed Aβ plaque burdens, inhibited tau protein hyperphosphorylation at several sites and relieved neuroinflammation in the brains of TgCRND8 mice.
J Neuroinflammation. 2023 Jan 30;20(1):19
C57BL/6 mice
Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes model
Oral
5 and 15 mg/kg
Once daily for 16 weeks
To evaluate the protective effect of PatA on diabetes-induced cardiac injury and dysfunction, results showed that PatA protected the heart by regulating myocardial fibrosis rather than reducing hyperglycemia.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 May 14;17(5):631
Sprague-Dawley rats
Chronic restraint stress-induced IBS-D model
Gavage administration
5, 10, 20 mg/kg
Once daily for 2 weeks
To evaluate the effects of patchouli alcohol on visceral sensitivity, diarrhea symptoms, and intestinal transit in IBS-D rats. Results showed that PA significantly reduced visceral sensitivity, diarrhea symptoms, and intestinal transit rate, and decreased the proportion of excitatory neurons and acetylcholine (Ach)- and substance P (SP)-positive neurons in the distal colon.
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