Oxazolone acts as a haptenizing agent that triggers acute or chronic inflammation in the large intestine, making it suitable for developing colitis models. It leads to Th1/Th2-dependent colitis characterized by weight loss and diarrhea. The inflammation caused by oxazolone can be alleviated with neutralizing antibodies against IL-4 or TNF-α or with decoy IL-13R2-α-FC proteins[1].
Oxazolone 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
Nrf2 (+/+) and Nrf2 (−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs)
10 µM
24 hours
To evaluate the effect of oxazolone on transcriptional activation of Th2 cytokines, results showed that NRF2 suppresses oxazolone-induced production of Th2 cytokines.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Sep 7;9(9):834
HaCaT cells
50 µM
24 hours
To evaluate the effects of Oxazolone on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells. Results showed that Oxazolone significantly increased intracellular ROS levels and inflammatory cytokine expression, while D. dasycarpus and P. cicadae effectively reduced these effects.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2018 Jun 15;7(6):77
Sheep red blood cells (SRBC)
0.163 mg/ml
30 minutes
To measure haemagglutinating antibody to oxazolone in mice, results showed that pooled sera from immunized mice had a haemagglutination titre of 27–29, while sera from unimmunized mice had no detectable antibody.
Immunology. 1972 Sep;23(3):289-98
Oxazolone 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
BALB/c mice
Oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis model
Topical application on ears
0.1% oxazolone solution
Every 48 hours for 10 times
To evaluate the oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis model and its therapeutic effects. Oxazolone-induced dermatitis showed ear swelling, skin inflammation, and elevated immunoglobulin levels. PFS treatment significantly alleviated these symptoms.
Mediators Inflamm. 2020 Oct 15;2020:4346367
Balb/c mice
Oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis model
Topical application
0.2 mg/mouse
Ear thickness was measured every five days for 24 days
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of cardamonin on oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis, results showed that cardamonin significantly suppressed oxazolone-induced inflammation and Th2 cytokine production.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Sep 7;9(9):834
BALB/c mice
Atopic dermatitis model
Topical application on the ear
0.8% for sensitization, 0.4% for challenge
After 1 week of sensitization, every second day for a total of 5 times
To evaluate the effect of cesarean section and vaginal delivery on atopic dermatitis in mice. Results showed that CS-delivered mice and mice inoculated with human CS-GM had higher serum IgE concentrations, but the severity of dermatitis was similar among all groups.
Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2271151
BALB/c mice
Oxazolone-induced AD-like skin inflammation model
Topical administration
1% OXA
Once daily for 1 week
To evaluate the effect of A63 extract on OXA-induced AD-like skin inflammation. Results showed that A63 extract significantly reduced epidermal thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration, and downregulated the expression of AD gene markers.
Molecules. 2022 Apr 25;27(9):2751
BALB/c mice
Oxazolone-induced AD-like lesion model
Topical application to ear surfaces
1% Oxazolone
Once daily for 7 days, then every 2 days for 3 weeks
To evaluate Oxazolone-induced AD-like lesions. Oxazolone treatment increased ear thickness and epidermal thickness and increased mast cell infiltration. DCE significantly improved these symptoms.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 27;14(21):4521
Mice
Oxazolone colitis model
Intrarectal administration
1.5% oxazolone
Single dose, assessed after 3 days
To evaluate the role of IL-33 and ST2 in oxazolone colitis. Results showed increased colitis severity, decreased goblet cells, and impaired epithelial barrier function in IL-33?/? and ST2?/? mice.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015 Dec;21(12):2737-46
Mice
Mouse lymph node model
Topical application
10%
Single dose
To study the effects of antigenic stimulation on the expansion of T-cell-dependent areas in lymph nodes. Results showed rapid expansion of T-cell-dependent areas after Oxazolone stimulation, but the increase in HEV lagged behind the expansion of the T-cell area.
Immunology. 1990 Nov;71(3):423-7
BALB/c mice
Oxazolone-induced intestinal colitis model
Intrarectal administration
20 mg/kg
Once daily for six consecutive days
To investigate the effects of exogenous CRAMP on oxazolone-induced colitis, 20 mg/kg CRAMP significantly improved body weight regain, reduced colon weight/length ratio, and ameliorated colon tissue inflammation
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Jan 2;14(1):146-158
Mice
Oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity model
Topical application
25 μl (100 mg/mL) for sensitization, 10 μl (10 mg/mL) for challenge
Sensitization for two days, single challenge
To investigate the interaction of Breg cells, mast cells, and ILC2s in oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity, results showed that mast cells maintain Breg cell numbers via IL-5, and Breg cells suppress ILC2 activity via IL-10, thereby alleviating skin inflammation.
Sci Adv. 2019 Jul 17;5(7):eaav8152
C57BL/6J mice
Contact hypersensitivity model
Topical application
3% OX for sensitization, 1% OX for challenge
Single sensitization, single challenge after 5 days
To investigate basophil migration in the oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity model. Results showed a decrease in peripheral blood basophil numbers one day after challenge, but not after 2 days, reflecting supplementation from the bone marrow.
Front Immunol. 2022 Sep 29;13:1014924
C57BL/6 mice
Oxazolone-induced colitis model
Catheter injection
3% Oxa solution
Single injection
To study the Oxazolone-induced colitis model, which mimics the type 2 immune response in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Results showed that Oxazolone-induced colitis mice exhibited significant inflammatory responses.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jan 18;12:783806
CBA mice
Contact sensitivity model
Skin application
3% oxazolone
Single dose, tested after 7 days
To study contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice, results showed that antibodies of IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b classes were detected in sera from immunized mice, while low-avidity antibodies were detected in sera from unimmunized mice.
Immunology. 1972 Sep;23(3):289-98
BALB/c mice
Oxazolone-induced colitis model
Abdominal application and intrarectal administration
3% oxazolone for abdominal sensitization, 1% oxazolone for intrarectal administration
Intrarectal administration 7 days after sensitization, experiment lasted for 3 days
To investigate the role of IL-4Rα signaling in specific cell types (e.g., intestinal epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages/neutrophils) in oxazolone colitis. Results showed that IL-4Rα signaling in these cell types plays a redundant role in acute oxazolone colitis.
Mediators Inflamm. 2020 Jan 17;2020:4361043
CBA mice
Contact sensitization model
Topical application
3% Oxazolone solution
Weekly
To investigate the effect of contact sensitization and boosting on the production of Oxazolone-specific cytophilic antibodies
Immunology. 1974 Oct;27(4):563-76
Sprague Dawley rats
Oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis model
Topical application on the back and anal injection
30 mg/mL
One-time topical application on the back, followed by anal injection five days later
Evaluate the effect of Oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis model, results showed Oxazolone successfully induced colitis symptoms, including colon shortening, splenomegaly, inflammatory cell infiltration, and tissue damage.
Molecules. 2019 Dec 24;25(1):76
Hairless male ICR mice
Oxazolone-induced allergic contact dermatitis model
Topical application
5% (initial sensitization) and 1% (subsequent challenges)
Initial sensitization once, followed by challenges every other day for 10 days
To assess the effects of Oxazolone on inflammatory responses and skin damage in mice. Results showed that Oxazolone significantly increased skin thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration, while D. dasycarpus and P. cicadae significantly alleviated these effects.
To evaluate the severity of oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, including increased ear thickness and weight, thickening of the epidermis and dermis, mast cell infiltration, and elevated serum IgE levels. Results showed that oxazolone successfully induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.
Mar Drugs. 2022 Oct 26;20(11):669
C57BL/6 mice
Oxazolone-induced contact dermatitis model
Topical application
50 μl 2% OXA for sensitization, 25 μl 1% OXA for challenge
Sensitization once, challenge once, evaluated after 24 hours
To investigate the role of the LTB4–BLT1 axis in Oxazolone-induced contact dermatitis. Results showed that BLT1 deficiency or blockade of LTB4 and BLT1 by antagonists significantly reduced ear swelling and skin-infiltrating neutrophils and CD8+ T cells.
Immunology. 2015 Sep;146(1):50-8
Mice
Intestinal-specific VDR knockout mice
Rectal administration
5μl/g
Single dose, observed for 5 days
To investigate the protective effect of intestinal-specific VDR knockout on oxazolone-induced colitis, results showed that VDR knockout alleviated the severity of colitis
Cell Death Dis. 2020 Jun 15;11(6):461
Wistar rats
Oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis
Intracolonic administration
7.5 mg/mL
Single dose
Induction of ulcerative colitis model to study the therapeutic effects of β-glucan and/or Celastrol
Redox Rep. 2022 Dec;27(1):60-69
Wistar albino male rats
Oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis model
Rectal administration
7.5 mg/mL, 1.1 mL/rat
Single dose
Induction of ulcerative colitis model to study the moderating effects of β-glucan and/or aldose reductase inhibitor Fidarestat on the gut microbiome/mitochondrial axis.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 31;24(3):2711
SJL/J female mice
Oxazolone-induced colitis model
Intraperitoneal injection
8, 2, or 0.5 mg/kg
Once every 2 days, for a total of five doses
To evaluate the efficacy of the bifunctional IL-4/IL-13 antagonist in the oxazolone-induced colitis model. Results showed that the antagonist reduced body weight loss, maintained colon length, minimized gains in colon weight, and reduced disease activity index.
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