Liothyronine Sodium is the sodium salt form of liothyronine, a synthetic form of the levorotatory isomer of the naturally occurring thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). Liothyronine (Sodium) is an active form of thyroid hormone, which binds to β1 thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ1), and activates its activity. Liothyronine (T3, 100 nM) stimulates the proliferation of hepatocarcinema cells in which TRβ1 is overexpressed[3]. High T(3) (triiodothyronine) levels induce a low TRalpha1:TRalpha2 ratio which could protect the cell from excessive T(3)-induced gene expression[4]. Expression of a mutant receptor with impaired triiodothyronine (T(3)) binding and dominant negative activity affected cerebellar development and motor performance. TRs are also involved in adult brain function. TRalpha1 deletion, or expression of a dominant negative mutant receptor, induces consistent behavioral changes in adult mice, leading to severe anxiety and morphological changes in the hippocampus[5].
Liothyronine sodium/三碘代甲状腺素钠盐 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
MDA-MB-468
100 nM
3 hours
To investigate the effect of T3 on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, results showed that T3 significantly enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in MDA-MB-468 cells.
Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Nov 6;22(1):533
hTERT-HME1
100 nM
3 hours
To investigate the effect of T3 on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, results showed that T3 did not significantly affect mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in hTERT-HME1 cells.
Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Nov 6;22(1):533
PC3
100 nM
3 hours
To investigate the effect of T3 on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, results showed that T3 did not significantly affect mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in PC3 cells.
Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Nov 6;22(1):533
MCF7
100 nM
3 hours
To investigate the effect of T3 on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, results showed that T3 significantly enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in MCF7 cells.
Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Nov 6;22(1):533
SVF cells
100 nM
Various time points
To evaluate the time-dependent effect of T3 on Myc protein expression, results showed that T3 treatment time-dependently increased Myc protein expression.
Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 13;13(1):3394
Brown adipocyte precursor cell line (BAC)
100 nM
24 hours
To evaluate the effect of T3 on Myc protein expression, results showed that T3 treatment increased Myc protein expression.
Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 13;13(1):3394
mBAP-9 cell line
10 nM
24 hours
To study the effect of T3 on mitophagy using mito-RFP/GFP plasmid transfection, results showed increased red puncta, indicating enhanced mitophagy.
Autophagy. 2019 Jan;15(1):131-150
primary brown adipocytes
10 nM
24 hours
To investigate the effect of T3 on autophagic flux, results showed increased MAP1LC3B-II levels, indicating enhanced autophagic flux.
Autophagy. 2019 Jan;15(1):131-150
iPSC-derived hepatocytes (iHEPs)
1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM
24 hours
To investigate the regulatory role of T3 via THRβ1 on metabolic pathways in human hepatocytes, including gluconeogenesis, lipid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, and fatty acid uptake. Results showed that T3 significantly upregulated G6PC and PCK1 expression, downregulated FBP1 expression, and increased glucose production through THRβ1.
Mol Metab. 2024 Dec;90:102057
human islets
10 nM
72 hours
To study the effects of T3 and glucose on the expression of ChREBPα and ChREBPβ in human islet cells, similar effects were observed as in INS-1 cells.
Mol Metab. 2022 Dec;66:101646
INS-1 832/13 rat insulinoma cells
10 nM
48 hours
To investigate the effects of T3 and glucose on the expression of ChREBPα and ChREBPβ, it was found that ChREBPα expression was induced in the presence of T3, while ChREBPβ expression was induced at high glucose concentrations and reached higher levels in the presence of T3.
Mol Metab. 2022 Dec;66:101646
HEK cells
100 μM
3 minutes
Evaluate the inhibitory effect of Liothyronine on GAT1, results showed Liothyronine significantly inhibited the uptake of radiolabeled GABA
J Med Chem. 2015 Mar 12;58(5):2149-58
Liothyronine sodium/三碘代甲状腺素钠盐 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
Male mice
Hypothyroid mouse model
Intraperitoneal injection
0.25 μg/g body weight (standard dose)
Once daily for 2-6 days
To evaluate the effect of T3 on thermogenic capacity and hyperplasia of iBAT, results showed that long-term T3 treatment increased thermogenic capacity and hyperplasia of iBAT.
Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 13;13(1):3394
Mice
Hyperthyroid mouse model
Intraperitoneal injection
10 μg/100 g body weight
Daily for 10 days
To investigate the effect of T3 on autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in BAT, results showed increased autophagic flux and mitochondrial protein expression.
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