货号:A216404
同义名:
ABR-215062; LAQ
Laquinimod (ABR-215062) 是一种口服羧酰胺衍生物,具有免疫调节活性,可预防中枢神经系统神经变性与炎症;通过抑制星形胶质细胞中 NF-κB 活化减轻铜酮诱导的脱髓鞘,常用于多发性硬化(包括复发缓解型和慢性进展型)及神经退行性病变机制研究。


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| 描述 | Laquinimod is a potent immunomodulator which prevents neurodegeneration and inflammation in the central nervous system. In vivo laquinimod treatment inhibited donor myelin-specific T cells from transferring EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) to naive recipient mice. In vivo laquinimod treatment altered subpopulations of myeloid antigen presenting cells (APC) that included a decrease in CD11c(+)CD11b(+)CD4(+) dendritic cells (DC) and an elevation of CD11b(hi)Gr1(hi) monocytes[3]. Topical administration of laquinimod to the injured corneas dramatically inhibited alkali-induced corneal neovascularization and decreased inflammatory cell (such as macrophage) infiltration in a corneal injury mouse model. Laquinimod significantly downregulated the expression of chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain adaptor protein in both injured corneas and RAW cells. In vitro, laquinimod also dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells[4]. Laquinimod had a significant protective impact against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. Laquinimod prevented MPP+-induced reduction of cell proliferation, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and apoptosis[5]. Laquinimod protects against glutamate excitotoxicity of the cerebellum of EAE mice by bursting the expression of glial glutamate transporters, independently of its anti-inflammatory effects[6]. |
| Concentration | Treated Time | Description | References | |
| mouse hepatocytes | 0.06 ±0.02μM | 4 h | To evaluate the induction of Cyp1a1 mRNA by Laquinimod in mouse hepatocytes, showing different effects at different time points | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Oct 11;113(41):E6145-E6152. |
| human hepatocytes | 0.2 ±0.04μM | 24 h | To evaluate the induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA by Laquinimod in human hepatocytes, showing significant induction | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Oct 11;113(41):E6145-E6152. |
| cerebellar slices | 30 μM | 2 h | To assess the direct effect of laquinimod on glutamatergic transmission in EAE cerebellar slices. Results showed that laquinimod significantly recovered the kinetic alterations of glutamatergic transmission in EAE cerebellum. | J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Jan 5;15(1):5. |
| human NK cells | 15 μM | 120 h | To evaluate the activation effect of Laquinimod on human NK cells, results showed that Laquinimod significantly increased the proportion of CD69+ in both CD56bright and CD56dim human NK cell subsets. | J Neuroinflammation. 2019 Feb 26;16(1):49. |
| NK cells | 10 μM | 48 h | To evaluate the activation effect of Laquinimod on NK cells, results showed that Laquinimod significantly increased the proportion of CD69+ in NK cells. | J Neuroinflammation. 2019 Feb 26;16(1):49. |
| Primary human astrocytes | 0, 100 nM, 250 nM, 1 µM, 5 µM | 24 h | To assess the effect of Laquinimod on astrocytic inflammatory response, results showed that Laquinimod significantly reduced pro-inflammatory factors secretion in astrocytes. | Acta Neuropathol. 2012 Sep;124(3):411-24. |
| Primary mouse microglia | 1 µM | 20 h | To assess the effect of Laquinimod on microglial inflammatory response, results showed that Laquinimod had minor effects on microglial cytokine secretion. | Acta Neuropathol. 2012 Sep;124(3):411-24. |
| Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) | 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 µM | 48 h | To assess the effect of Laquinimod on oligodendroglial survival, results showed that Laquinimod did not affect cell survival. | Acta Neuropathol. 2012 Sep;124(3):411-24. |
| CD14+ monocytes | 10 μM and 100 μM | 30 min | To evaluate the effect of Laquinimod on the NF-κB signaling pathway, results showed that Laquinimod inhibited phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. | Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 Nov 17;8(1):e908. |
| CD14+ monocytes | 10 μM and 100 μM | 24 h | To evaluate the effect of Laquinimod on monocyte survival and proliferation, results showed that Laquinimod did not affect monocyte survival and proliferation. | Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 Nov 17;8(1):e908. |
| primary mouse astrocytes | 250 nM | 2 h | To evaluate the effect of Laquinimod on NF-κB activation in astrocytes. Results showed that Laquinimod pretreatment significantly reduced NF-κB activation after cytokine stimulation. | Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2016 May 17;3(3):e233. |
| Primary astrocytes | 100 ng/mL | 24 h | To evaluate the effects of Delaq (a metabolite of Laquinimod) on AHR activation in astrocytes. Results showed Delaq, but not Laquinimod itself, induced expression of the AHR-responsive gene Cyp1b1 and reduced production of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., Ccl2, Nos2, Tnfa) while enhancing anti-inflammatory Il10 expression. | Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021 Jan 6;8(2):e946. |
| Administration | Dosage | Frequency | Description | References | ||
| C57BL/6 mice | Multiple myeloma (MM)-burdened mouse model | Oral gavage | 25 mg/kg | Once daily for 2 weeks | To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Laquinimod on BRONJ-like lesions, results showed that Laquinimod significantly decreased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and concomitantly suppressed the incidence of BRONJ-like conditions in mice. | Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Jun 15;19(12):3176-88 |
| Mice | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) | Oral | 25 mg/kg | Once daily for 30 days | To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Laquinimod in the EAE model, showing significant inhibition of disease progression via AhR activation | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Oct 11;113(41):E6145-E6152. |
| C57BL/6N mice | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) | Continuous intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion | 1.25 mg/kg | Once daily for 4 weeks | To evaluate the direct neuroprotective effect of laquinimod on motor disability in EAE mice. Results showed that laquinimod significantly ameliorated motor disability in the late stage of EAE but had no remarkable effects on inflammatory markers. | J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Jan 5;15(1):5. |
| Mice | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) | Oral gavage | 25 mg/kg | Daily for 11 days | To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Laquinimod on EAE, results showed that Laquinimod improved EAE symptoms by activating NK cells and reducing CD11chighMHCII+ dendritic cells. | J Neuroinflammation. 2019 Feb 26;16(1):49. |
| Mice | Moderate TBI induced by fluid percussion | Oral gavage | 25 mg/kg | Once daily, 7 days before TBI and 3 days after TBI | Laquinimod reduced monocyte infiltration into the brain, decreased axonal damage, restored neurogenesis, and prevented long-term lateral ventricle enlargement caused by TBI. | J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Jan 30;15(1):26 |
| C57BL/6 mice | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model | Oral | 1, 5, or 25 mg/kg | Once daily, starting the day post-immunization, for 30 days | To investigate the protective effects of laquinimod on the optic nerve and retina in an EAE model. Results showed that laquinimod reduced neurological symptoms, improved retinal ganglion cell survival, and decreased demyelination and inflammatory cell infiltration in the optic nerve. | J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Jun 14;15(1):183 |
| C57BL/6J mice and Rag1-/- mice | Cuprizone-induced demyelination model | Oral | 5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg | Daily administration for 1 or 6 weeks | To assess the protective effect of Laquinimod on cuprizone-induced demyelination, results showed that Laquinimod significantly reduced demyelination, microglial activation, axonal damage and reactive gliosis. | Acta Neuropathol. 2012 Sep;124(3):411-24. |
| Mice | Cuprizone-induced demyelination model | Oral gavage | 25 mg/kg | Once daily for 6 weeks | To assess the protective effect of Laquinimod in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Results showed that Laquinimod significantly reduced demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss, microglial infiltration, and acute axonal damage. | Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2016 May 17;3(3):e233. |
| C57Bl/6 mice | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model | Oral gavage | 25 mg/kg | Daily administration starting from day 2 post-induction | To investigate the therapeutic effects of Laquinimod via AHR activation in astrocytes in the EAE model. Results demonstrated Laquinimod ameliorated clinical symptoms, reduced CNS infiltration of inflammatory monocytes and effector T cells, and suppressed proinflammatory pathways (e.g., NF-κB signaling) in astrocytes via transcriptomic analysis. | Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021 Jan 6;8(2):e946. |
| C57BL/6 mice | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) | Oral | 25 mg/kg | Daily, starting from the day of immunization | To evaluate the influence of oral laquinimod on induction of T follicular helper cells, development of meningeal B cell aggregates, and clinical disease in a spontaneous B cell–dependent MS model. Results showed that laquinimod treatment reduced CD11c+CD4+dendritic cells, inhibited expansion of PD-1+CXCR5+BCL6+T follicular helper and IL-21–producing activated CD4+CD44+T cells, suppressed B cell CD40 expression, diminished formation of Fas+GL7+germinal center B cells, and inhibited development of MOG-specific IgG. Laquinimod not only prevented rMOG-induced EAE but also inhibited development of spontaneous EAE and the formation of meningeal B cell aggregates. | Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2016 Sep 21;3(5):e272 |
| NCT号 | 适应症或疾病 | 临床期 | 招募状态 | 预计完成时间 | 地点 |
| NCT01404117 | Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis | Phase 2 | Withdrawn(Study is being redes... 展开 >>igned) 收起 << | January 2014 | - |
| NCT00605215 | Multiple Sclerosis | Phase 3 | Completed | - | - |
| NCT01707992 | Multiple Sclerosis | Phase 3 | Completed | - | - |
| 计算器 | ||||
| 存储液制备 | ![]() |
1mg | 5mg | 10mg |
|
1 mM 5 mM 10 mM |
2.80mL 0.56mL 0.28mL |
14.01mL 2.80mL 1.40mL |
28.03mL 5.61mL 2.80mL |
|
| CAS号 | 248281-84-7 |
| 分子式 | C19H17ClN2O3 |
| 分子量 | 356.8 |
| SMILES Code | C1=CC=C(Cl)C2=C1N(C(=C(C2=O)C(=O)N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C |
| MDL No. | MFCD08689859 |
| 别名 | ABR-215062; LAQ; TV-5600; SAIK-MS |
| 运输 | 蓝冰 |
| InChI Key | GKWPCEFFIHSJOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Pubchem ID | 54677946 |
| 存储条件 |
In solvent -20°C: 3-6个月 -80°C: 12个月 Pure form Sealed in dry, room temperature |
| 溶解方案 |
DMSO: 25 mg/mL(70.07 mM),配合低频超声,并水浴加热至45℃助溶,注意:DMSO长时间开封后,会吸水并导致溶解能力下降,请避免使用长期开封的DMSO 以下溶解方案都请先按照体外实验的方式配制澄清的储备液,再依次添加助溶剂: ——为保证实验结果的可靠性,澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件,适当保存;体内实验的工作液,建议现用现配,当天使用; 以下溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在终溶液中的体积占比;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶
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