Eleutheroside E (EE), a principal component of Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), has anti-inflammatory and protective effects in ischemia heart. EE increased the insulin-provoked glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, EE improved TNF- α -induced suppression of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. EE mediates the hyperglycemic effects of ES by regulating insulin signaling and glucose utilization[3]. The IC50 values for EB and EE were calculated to be 193.20 μM and 188.36 μM for CYP2E1, 595.66 μM and 261.82 μM for CYP2C9, respectively[4]. EE administration attenuated the cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Further, pre-treatment with EE dramatically inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress, IκBα phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 translocation into nuclei. EE might suppress the MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit the H/R-induced NF-κB activation. EE may be a potential drug for myocardial I/R injury by reducing oxidative stress, NF-κB activation, and metabolic reprogramming[5].
Eleutheroside E/刺五加苷E 细胞实验
Cell Line
Concentration
Treated Time
Description
References
PC12 cells
100, 10, 1, 0.1 mg/mL
24 hours
To evaluate the effect of Eleutheroside E on PC12 cell viability, results showed no significant effect on PC12 cell viability
Neural Regen Res. 2012 Aug 25;7(24):1845-50
PC-12 cells
100 μmol/L, 300 μmol/L, 500 μmol/L
24 hours
To investigate the protective effect of Eleutheroside E on the MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease cell model. Results showed that compared with the MPTP group, the survival rates of cells at low, medium, and high concentrations of eleutheroside E all increased. The mitochondrial membrane potential at medium and high concentrations of eleutheroside E increased. The ROS levels at medium and high concentrations of eleutheroside E decreased. Moreover, the apoptosis rate decreased and the expression levels of the intracellular proteins CytC, Nrf2, and NQO1 were upregulated.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 29;28(9):3820
Eleutheroside E/刺五加苷E 动物实验
Species
Animal Model
Administration
Dosage
Frequency
Description
References
Kunming mice
60Co-γ radiation model
Oral
50 mg/kg/d
Once daily for 4 weeks
Eleutheroside E supplementation improved cognition and spatial memory impairments in irradiated mice, protected hippocampal neurons, remodeled gut microbiota, especially changes in Lactobacillus and Helicobacter, and altered microbial metabolites including neurotransmitters (GABA, NE, ACH, 5-HT) and their precursors. Furthermore, fecal transplantation from EE donors verified that EE alleviated cognition and spatial memory impairments and activated the PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway via gut microbiota.
Commun Biol. 2022 Jul 8;5(1):680
Wistar rats
Ovariectomized osteoporosis model
Oral
0.1g/kg
Once daily for 4 weeks
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Eleutheroside E on ovariectomized osteoporosis model rats, it was found to significantly regulate 21 biomarkers, mainly involving steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis.
Front Pharmacol. 2020 Aug 26;11:1316
Wistar rats
Ovariectomized osteoporosis model
Oral
0.1g/kg
Once daily for 4 weeks
Evaluate the intervention effect of Eleutheroside E on ovariectomized osteoporosis model rats, regulating 21 biomarkers, mainly involving steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis
Front Pharmacol. 2020 Aug 26;11:1316
Rats
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model
Gavage
10 mg/kg
Once daily for 21 days
To evaluate the protective effect of Eleutheroside E on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, results showed that Eleutheroside E significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and improved neurological deficits.
Bioengineered. 2022 May;13(5):11718-11731
Kunming mice
Radiation-induced brain injury model
Intragastric administration
204.6 μg/kg/d
Once daily for 14 days
Eleutheroside E significantly improved learning and memory ability impairment in irradiated mice, protected neurons, increased antioxidant activity, and regulated neurotransmitter levels.
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