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描述 | Candesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with IC50 of 0.26 nM. In vivo research shows that conducted on 5XFAD mice, 2-months intranasal treatment with candesartan resulted in reduced Aβ deposits and microglial accumulation in the hippocampus but not in the cortex. In vitro, reduced IL-1β levels in 4-hour LPS-stimulated cortical microglia (100 ng/mL) following 2-hour pretreatment with candesartan (10 μM)[3]. It is a prolonged angiogenic effect, associated with enhanced VEGF-A and VEGF-B expression in vitro and in vivo, in response to a single dose of candesartan treatment[4]. |
Concentration | Treated Time | Description | References | |
J774A.1 macrophages | 7.5, 15, 30 µM | 0.5 hours | Candesartan dose-dependently inhibited IL-1β secretion and reduced IL-18 secretion and active caspase-1 expression. | Front Immunol. 2022 May 20;13:870627. |
Human retinal endothelial cells | 1μg/ml | 24 hours | To examine the proangiogenic effects of candesartan in human endothelial cells under normoxia and hypoxia, results showed that candesartan enhanced VEGFR2 activation and tube formation under hypoxia, and this effect was dependent on HO-1 expression. | Angiogenesis. 2015 Apr;18(2):137-50. |
Bovine Retinal Endothelial Cells (BREC) | 1 µM | 24 hours | Candesartan restored GLO-I activity and mRNA levels in BREC and reduced NO● production. | Diabetes. 2010 Dec;59(12):3208-15. |
Bovine Retinal Pericytes (BRP) | 1 µM | 24 hours | Candesartan restored GLO-I activity and mRNA levels in BRP and reduced NO● production. | Diabetes. 2010 Dec;59(12):3208-15. |
Monocytes | 0.1 µM, 1 µM, 5 µM | 24 hours | Pretreatment with candesartan significantly reduced Pam3CSK4 or LPS-induced TLR2 and TLR4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, along with decreased activity of NF-κB and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 | Atherosclerosis. 2009 Jan;202(1):76-83. |
THP-1 cells | 1 µM | 24 hours | Pretreatment with candesartan significantly reduced Pam3CSK4 or LPS-induced TLR2 and TLR4 expression | Atherosclerosis. 2009 Jan;202(1):76-83. |
BeWo cells | 1 µM | 48 hours | To investigate the effect of candesartan on PPARγ and its target genes in BeWo cells. Results showed that candesartan had no significant effect on PPARγ target genes in BeWo cells. | Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 14;23(20):12326. |
SGHPL-4 cells | 1 µM | 48 hours | To investigate the effect of candesartan on PPARγ and its target genes in SGHPL-4 cells. Results showed that candesartan had no significant effect on PPARγ target genes in SGHPL-4 cells. | Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 14;23(20):12326. |
Administration | Dosage | Frequency | Description | References | ||
Chicken embryos | Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model | Chorioallantoic membrane | 0.1 µM | Single dose, 24 hours | To investigate the effect of candesartan on angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos. Results showed that angiotensin II (AngII) treatment significantly increased angiogenesis. | Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 14;23(20):12326. |
Rats | Diabetes and atherosclerosis-induced ischemic stroke model | Nasal administration | 1 mg/kg | Once daily for 10 days | To evaluate the therapeutic effects of the CLEP formulation on diabetes-associated stroke. The results showed that the CLEP formulation significantly reduced infarction after stroke, decreased flexion, spontaneous motor activity, and time spent in the target quadrant, and enhanced grip strength. | Int J Pharm X. 2024 Jan 2;7:100227 |
C57BL/6 mice | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) model | Subcutaneous injection | 1 mg/kg/day | Continuous administration until killing (3 or 28 days) | Candesartan treatment reduced the lesion volume after CCI injury by approximately 50%, decreased the number of dying neurons, lessened the number of activated microglial cells, protected cerebral blood flow (CBF), and reduced the expression of the cytokine TGF b1 while increasing expression of TGF b3. Candesartan-treated mice also showed better motor skills on the rotarod 3 days after injury, and improved performance in the Morris water maze 4 weeks after injury. | Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 Dec;37(13):2817-29 |
C57Bl/6J mice | Ischemic retinopathy model | Intraperitoneal injection | 1mg/kg and 10mg/kg | Once daily for 5 days | To examine the vascular protective effects of candesartan in an ischemic retinopathy model, results showed that candesartan significantly reduced pathological neovascularization and promoted physiological revascularization of the central retina by suppressing iNOS expression and restoring HO-1 expression. | Angiogenesis. 2015 Apr;18(2):137-50. |
C57BLJ/6 mice | Normal mice | Intraperitoneal injection | 2 mg/kg | Once daily for 10 days | Candesartan treatment significantly reduced Pam3CSK4-induced TLR2 expression and LPS-induced TLR4 expression | Atherosclerosis. 2009 Jan;202(1):76-83. |
C57BL/6JNal mice | MSU-induced peritonitis model | Oral | 30 mg/kg/day | Once daily for 3 days | Oral administration of candesartan significantly reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activity in the MSU-induced peritonitis mouse model, decreasing the levels of IL-1β and active caspase-1 in the peritoneal fluids. | Front Immunol. 2022 May 20;13:870627. |
Transgenic Ren-2 rats | Diabetic model | Gavage | 5 mg/kg/day | Once daily for 20 weeks | Candesartan reduced retinal acellular capillaries, inflammation, and iNOS in diabetic Ren-2 rats and restored GLO-I activity. | Diabetes. 2010 Dec;59(12):3208-15. |
NCT号 | 适应症或疾病 | 临床期 | 招募状态 | 预计完成时间 | 地点 |
NCT00863980 | Acute Myocardial Infarction ... 展开 >> Angina Pectoris Myocardial Ischemia Acute Coronary Syndrome Hypertension 收起 << | Not Applicable | Terminated(Principle investiga... 展开 >>tor resigned in 2013) 收起 << | - | Japan ... 展开 >> Shakaihoken Kobe Central Hospital Kobe, Japan, 651-1145 Akashi Municipal Hospital Kobe, Japan, 673-8501 Kouseikai Takeda Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 600-8558 Aijyukai Dohjin Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 602-0917 Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 602-8026 Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto, Japan, 602-8566 Social Insurance Kyoto Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 603-8151 Kyoto Kojyo Hokenkai Kyoto, Japan, 604-8472 Kyoto City Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 604-8845 Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 605-0981 Aiseikai Yamashina Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 607-8086 Tanabe Central Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 610-0334 Rakusai Simizu Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 610-1106 Uji Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 611-0011 Kyoto Yawata Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 614-8114 Seizinkai Simizu Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 615-8237 Saiseikai Kyoto Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 617-0814 Public Yamasiro Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 619-0214 Gakkentoshi Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 619-0238 Fukuchiyama City Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 620-8505 Ayabe City Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 623-0011 Maizuru Red Cross Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 624-0906 National Hospital Organization Maizuru Medical Center Kyoto, Japan, 625-8502 Maizuru Kyosai Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 625-8585 Public Nantan Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 629-0197 Kyoto Prefectural Yosanoumi Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 629-2261 Kumihama Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 629-3403 Sakurakai Takahashi Hospital Kyoto, Japan, 654-0026 Yuuseikai Midorigaoka Hospital Osaka, Japan, 569-1121 Matsushita Memorial Hospital Osaka, Japan, 570-8540 Saiseikai Shiga Hospital Shiga, Japan, 520-3046 Omihachiman Community Medical Center Shiga, Japan, 523-0892 收起 << |
NCT00130975 | Atrial Fibrillation | Phase 3 | Completed | - | Norway ... 展开 >> Ulleval University Hospital Oslo, Norway, 0407 Asker & Baerum Hospital Rud, Norway, 1309 收起 << |
NCT00150631 | Hypertension | Phase 3 | Unknown | December 2014 | Denmark ... 展开 >> Karin Skov Aarhus, Denmark, 8000 收起 << |
计算器 | ||||
存储液制备 | ![]() |
1mg | 5mg | 10mg |
1 mM 5 mM 10 mM |
2.27mL 0.45mL 0.23mL |
11.35mL 2.27mL 1.14mL |
22.70mL 4.54mL 2.27mL |
CAS号 | 139481-59-7 |
分子式 | C24H20N6O3 |
分子量 | 440.45 |
SMILES Code | C1=CC=C(C2=C1N=C([N]2CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4C5=N[NH]N=N5)OCC)C(O)=O |
MDL No. | MFCD00864463 |
别名 | CV 11974; Candesartan M1 |
运输 | 蓝冰 |
InChI Key | HTQMVQVXFRQIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID | 2541 |
存储条件 |
In solvent -20°C: 3-6个月 -80°C: 12个月 Pure form Sealed in dry,2-8°C |
溶解方案 |
DMSO: 105 mg/mL(238.39 mM),注意:DMSO长时间开封后,会吸水并导致溶解能力下降,请避免使用长期开封的DMSO 以下溶解方案都请先按照体外实验的方式配制澄清的储备液,再依次添加助溶剂: ——为保证实验结果的可靠性,澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件,适当保存;体内实验的工作液,建议现用现配,当天使用; 以下溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在终溶液中的体积占比;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶
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