L-aspartic Acid is a non-essential amino acid that involved in the urea cycle, citric acid cycle and in DNA metabolism, it can be used as a suitable prodrug and to study non-enzymatic gluconeogenesis.

L-Arginine HCl is a substrate of NOS and a nonessential amino acid in human.

(R)-Serine is the R-enantiomer of serine, which is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

Leucine is one of nine essential amino acids in humans which is important for protein synthesis and many metabolic functions. It contributes to regulation of blood-sugar levels growth and repair of muscle and bone tissue growth hormone production and wound healing.

L-Methionine is an essential sulfur-containing, free-form amino acid, acts as an antioxidant promoter, and contributes to the synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe).

L-Hisidine is mitochondrial glutamine transport inhibitor, can be used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

D-Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid involved in many metabolic processes such as forming the central metabolite in amino acid transamination.

L-asparagine is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue, being used for a variety of pharmaceutical applications.

Serine is a non-essential amino acid and a natural ligand and allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase M2.

D-Asparagine is a competitive inhibitor of L-Asparagine hydrolysis with a Ki value of 0.24 mM. D-Asparagine is a source of nitrogen for yeast strains. D-Asparagine is a good substrate for the external yeast asparaginase but is a poor substrate for the internal enzyme.

L-Alanine, one of the non-essential amino acids, is involved in metabolism of sugar and acid. It can function as an agonist of inhibitory glycine receptor.