SKQ1 is a mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidant which can prevent the deleterious effect of Aβ on LTP through intraperitoneal injection at very low concentrations (250 nmol/kg body weight). It is considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of early-stage Alzheimer's disease.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of highly reactive oxygen-containing chemicals. Normally, the intracellular ROS level is undertight control by various antioxidants. Any disruption in the oxidation–antioxidation balance will lead to oxidative stress which is associated with a wide spectrum of human disorders. SkQ1 is a new antioxidant with the highest mitochondrion membrane penetrating ability and potent antioxidant capability. SkQ1 up-regulated production of angiogenic factors in serum and tumor of PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma)-bearing mice. Furthermore, an increase was observed in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) concentration in serum of mice treated with SkQ1. Also, an increase in the IL-6 and IL-13 amount was found in the SkQ1 treated groups and the TGF-β amount was decreased in the pretreatment setting supporting the fact that SkQ1 can directly influence cytokine production from immune cells. This can be further illustrated by a significant decrease in the TNF-α and IFN-α production and a tendency to decrease the production of IL-6 and IL-10. Moreover, this drug at 500 nM concentration reduced heavily the proliferation of human PDAC cells[1].
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