Citicoline (Cytidine diphosphate-choline) is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of cell membranes. Citicoline exerts neuroprotective effects. 100 μM of Citicoline is not harmful to retinal neuroglial cells in vitro and 100 μM of Homotaurine is an effective concentration to enhance neuroprotection in a model of experimental glaucoma. A combination of citicoline and homotaurine synergistically decreases proapoptotic effects associated with glutamate- and high glucose-treated retinal cultures[1]. Citicoline acts as a neuroprotector for those patients with progressive glaucomatous disease in spite of well-controlled intraocular pressure[2]. Administration of Citicoline in a dose of 1000 mg/kg produces more pronounced increase in the threshold of clonic seizures and tonic phase of seizures with lethal outcome (by 18.54 and 50.08% respectively, in comparison with the control). The anticonvulsant effect is most pronounced after injection of Citicoline in a dose of 1000 mg/kg[3]. In addition, citicoline (250mg/kg, p.o.) improved cardiovascular dysautonomia and that was reflected on cardiac contractility, electrical activity, blood pressure, and vascular reactivity[4]. Citicoline can protect against neomycin-induced HC (hair cell) loss by inhibiting ROS aggregation and thus preventing apoptosis in HCs[5].
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