Benzbromarone is a highly effective and well tolerated non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, used as an uricosuric agent, used in the treatment of gout[3]. Benzbromarone retarded apoptosis associated with reducing the pro-apoptotic (Bax) and enhancing the anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) protein expressions[4]. Importantly, prolonged treatment of benzbromarone significantly increased cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells in the presence of high FFAs(free fatty acids). In addition, in benzbromarone-treated hyperuricemic patients, serum transaminase levels were positively correlated with patients' obesity level[5]. Benzbromarone increased mitochondrial O2•- accumulation and activates the NRF2 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells, thereby strengthening the cytosolic and mitochondrial antioxidative defense[6]. Benzbromarone has a direct antioxidant effect in vivo and great potential to prevent CVD (cardiovascular disease) and CKD (chronic kidney disease) [7].
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