20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 has anticancer effects and can increase inchoate apoptotic rate, reduce apoptotic rate significantly, enhance the activity of caspase-3 and induces apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. It is a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey..
20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, acts as a cell antiproliferator. It has anticancer effects via blocking cell proliferation and causing G1 phase arrest. 20(R)-Rh2 was able to suppress NO, PGE2, ROS and pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (pro-MMP-9) levels that were enhanced in the LPS-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells. 20(R)-Rh2 also exhibited inhibitory effects on the level of ROS and the activity of MMP-9 and -2 in human HaCat keratinocyte cells without stimulant exposure. 20(R)-Rh2 could suppress the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 enhanced by tumour necrosis factor-α in the keratinocytes[3]. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited the replication and proliferation of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), and its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against MHV-68 was estimated to be 2.77 μM[4]. Only ginsenoside 20(R)-Rh2 showed selective osteoclastgenesis inhibitory activity without any cytotoxicity up to 100 microM[5].
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