Pseudoginsenoside F11, a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., antagonized the morphine stimulated opioid receptor signalling directly at the cellular level, and the memory dysfunction induced by scopolamine.

Notoginsenoside R1, the main bioactive component isolated and purified from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.)F.H.Chen, is reported to have some neuronal protective, antihypertensive effects.

Ginsenoside Rf, extracted from the traditional Chinese herb ginseng, is a natural anticancer products known for its favorable safety and efficacy profiles.

Ginsenoside Ro, a natural product isolated and purified from the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., is reported to have anti-infllammtory, anti-hepatitic activities, and showed inhibitory activity against 5αR with IC(50) value of 259.4 μm

Ginsenoside F1, a metabolite of ginsenoside Rg1 isolated and purified from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey., is reported to be antiaging and antioxidative, and to have beneficial effects on skin.

Ginsenoside Rg2, a steroid glycosides, is abundant in Panax ginseng root, which has been used for prevention of illness.

Ginsenoside Rh2, a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Panax ginseng C. It induced apoptosis via caspase activation.

Ginsenoside Rc is a steroid glycoside, and a triterpene saponin found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng) with properties that inhibit or prevent tumors growth.

Ginsenoside Rg5 is a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. showing anti-inflammatory effect.

Ginsenoside Rb2 is a 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol glycoside extracted from ginseng, shows potent antioxidant and anticancer biological activities.

Panaxadiol, a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Panax ginseng C.

(20S)-Protopanaxadiol is an aglycon metabolic derivative of the protopanaxadiol-type ginseng saponin and an apoptosis inducer.

Ginsenoside Re is a panaxatriol saponin that has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including vasorelaxant, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and angiogenic actions.

Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main constituents of Panax ginseng, exhibits anti-inflammatory effect.

Ginsenoside Rg3 is a steroid glycoside derivative which affects endothelium relaxation in the aorta.

20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3, a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Panax ginseng C.

β-ODAP is an analog of glutamic acid present in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) that activates AMPA receptors.

20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 is a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey..