Inhibitor of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling; antagonizes smoothened activity

Penicillin G sodium is a β-lactam antibiotic produced by < i> Penicillin spp< /i> .

Streptomycin Sulfate is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections, acting by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms and disrupting the initiation and elongation steps in protein synthesis.

IWR-1-endo is a small-molecule inhibitor of Wnt signaling (IC50 of 180 nM in L-cells expressing Wnt3A) by stabilizing the Axin destruction complex with an EC50 of 0.2 μM.

Acetylcysteine is an inhibitor of ROS and the production of TNF. It is a pharmaceutical drug and nutritional supplement used as mucolytic agent.

Nicotinamide can act as an inhibitor of sirtuins and it is the active component of NAD and NADP.

Retinoic acid is a ligand for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) that can prime embryonic stem cells to become neurons and induce granulocytic differentiation.

Y-27632 2HCl is a selective ROCK1 (p160ROCK) inhibitor with Ki of 140 nM, exhibits > 200-fold selectivity over other kinases, including PKC, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, MLCK and PAK.

L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid which serves as a substrate for biosynthesis of neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA in neurons.

DAPT is an inhibitor of γ-secretase and it can reduce the expression of Aβ40 and Aβ42 with IC50 values of 115 nM and 200 nM.

CHIR-99021 is a GSK-3α/β inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM/6.7 nM, exhibiting > 500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 versus its closest homologs CDC2 and ERK2, as well as other protein kinases.

Prostaglandin E2 is a natural prostaglandin and acts as a vasodilator by activating the prostaglandin E2 receptor.

SB431542 is a potent and selective inhibitor of ALK5 with IC50 of 94 nM, 100-fold selective for ALK5 than p38 MAPK and other kinases.

Forskolin is a ubiquitous activator of eukaryotic adenylyl cyclase (AC) in a wide variety of cell types with binding (IC50=41 nM) to and activation (EC50=0.5 μM) of type I adenylyl cyclase. It is commonly used to raise levels of cAMP in the research of cell physiology.

A 83-01 is a selective inhibitor of TGF-β type I receptor ALK5 kinase, type I activin/nodal receptor ALK4 and type I nodal receptor ALK7, with IC50 values of 12, 45 and 7.5 nM, respectively.