CY-09 can inhibit NLRP3 with Kd value of 500 nM through directly bounding to the ATP-binding site of the NLRP3 NACHT domain.

NOD-IN-1 is a potent mixed inhibitor of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2, with IC50 of 5.74 μM and 6.45 μM, respectively.

Echinatin, a natural product isolated and purified from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

Ruscogenin, a natural product isolated and purified from the root of Ophiopogon japonicus with significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities, significantly attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI )via inhibiting expressions of TF and iNOS and NF-κB p65 activation, protects the brain against ischemic damage caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) which may be through downregulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses, inhibits activation of neutrophil through cPLA 2 , PAK, Akt, MAPKs, cAMP, and PKA signaling pathways, and may attenuate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatohepatitis through downregulation of NF- κB-mediated inflammatory responses, reducing hepatic lipogenic gene expression, and upregulating proteins in β-oxidation pathway.

Shionone, a natural product isolated and purified from the flower of Chrysanthemum morifolium, has anti-inflammatory effect, the mechanism is related to decrease the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 protein and IκBα and the protein expression of i NOS, and can inhibit the activity of ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) and provide a lead compound for future development of USP2 inhibitors.

INF39 is an irreversible NLRP3 inhibitor with IC50 value of ~100 μM for inhibiton of NLRP3 ATPase, which can inhibit IL-1β release, caspase activation and pyroptosis in THP-1 cells.