Hypromellose is a water-soluble hydrophilic, non-ionic cellulose ether used to form swellable-soluble matrices.

Colfosceril palmitate is a drug used as a pulmonary surfactant. It is also a key conponent of LNP as an effective delivery vehicle of mRNA.

β-Cyclodextrin is a cyclic polysaccharide composed of seven units of glucose (α-D-glucopyranose) linked by α-(1,4) type bonds. β-Cyclodextrin has often been used to enhance the solubility of drugs. β-Cyclodextrin has anti-influenza virus H1N1 activities.

Acesulfame potassium is a non-nutritive sweetener.

Gum Arabic is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree. It is widely used in biological research, also can be used as a safe dietary fiberas and stabilizer in the food industry.

Ethylparaben, a natural product isolated and purified from the male melon fly Dacus cucurbitae, is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, used as an antifungal preservative.

Aspartame is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages. It is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide.

γ-Cyclodextrin is an endogenous metabolite.

Methyl-β-cyclodextrin is a randomly methylated form of the cyclic oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin, with improvement on the aqueous solubility of various compounds.

Propylparaben, the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects

Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals, and its importance in fundamental cellular processes is becoming more appreciated.

an activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway