Uric acid activates NFκB in a variety of cell culture models including proximal tubular cells. Uric acid suppresses 1-α hydroxylase mRNA and protein expression in dose dependent and time dependent manner.

Citric acid denture cleansers can reduce C. albicans biofilm accumulation and cell viability. However, this CT did not prevent biofilm recolonization.

Ethyl gallate is a natural product isolated and purifeid from the herbs of Coriaria nepalensis, and it can inhibit the abilities of invasion of breast cancer in vitro by inhibiting the mRNA levels of MMP-9/MMP-2, phosphorylation of Akt and protein expression of NF-κB.

Dithranol is highly effective in the treatment of psoriasis.

Aspirin is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits Cox-1.

Alizarin strongly inhibits P450 isoform CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 with IC50 of 6.2/10.0 and 2.7 μM respectively, weakly inhibits CYP2A6 and CYP2E1, and does not inhibit CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.

Coenzyme Q10 is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration.

2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

(R)-Serine is the R-enantiomer of serine, which is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

Efavirenz is an inhibitor of wild-type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with Ki of 2.93 nM and the IC95 of its replicative spread is 1.5 nM in cell culture.

Ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone compound, can inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase.

Leucine is one of nine essential amino acids in humans which is important for protein synthesis and many metabolic functions. It contributes to regulation of blood-sugar levels growth and repair of muscle and bone tissue growth hormone production and wound healing.

Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with IC50 of 6 nM.

Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent present in some consumer products.

L-Methionine is an essential sulfur-containing, free-form amino acid, acts as an antioxidant promoter, and contributes to the synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe).

Furazolidone is a Nitrofuran-derived anti-bacterial agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

Deoxycholic Acid is a proinflammatory agent and used in a study to investigate dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in experimental colitis.

Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional hydrocarbons, that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids, among which beta-carotene is the most important.

an antagonist of the estrogen related receptor signaling pathway with the pleiotropic PPARgamma coactivator (PGC)