Voclosporin is a novel calcineurin inhibitor intended for prevention of organ graft rejection and treatment of lupus nephritis. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) on January 22, 2021.

Calcineurin Autoinhibitory Peptide is a selective inhibitor of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin) with IC50 ~ 10 μM.

Pimecrolimus is an immunomodulating agent of the calcineurin inhibitor class， effective in various inflammatory skin diseases, including seborrheic dermatitis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, oral lichen planus, vitiligo and psoriasis.

Tacrolimus is a potent immunosuppressive drug often administered to transplant recipient patients and exhibits a variety of adverse cardiovascular effects. Its mechanism of action involves the formation of a high affinity complex (Ki = 0.2 nM) with FK-506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12).

Tacrolimus is a potent immunosuppressive drug often administered to transplant recipient patients and exhibits a variety of adverse cardiovascular effects. Its mechanism of action involves the formation of a high affinity complex (Ki = 0.2 nM) with FK-506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12).

Cyclosporine A is an immunosuppressive agent, binds to the cyclophilin and then inhibits calcineurin with IC50 of 7 nM.