N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine has been studied as an anticonvulsant through the activation of adenosine A1 receptor (AA1R). It attenuates cell death induced by H2O2 through antioxidant action.

DPCPX is a potent and selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, both in vitro and in vivo, with Ki of 3.9 nM for human A1.

Vipadenant is an adenosine antagonist with Ki of 1.3 nM and 68 nM for A2A and A1, respectively. Vipadenant is a selective A2A receptor antagonist with Ki values of 1.3, 68, 63, and 1,005 nM for A2A, A1, A2B, and A3 receptors, respectively, used in development for for Parkinson's disease.

PD117519 is an adenosine agonist.

ANR 94 is a selective antagonist of adenosine A2A receptor (AA2AR) with Ki of 46 nM.

Adenosine antagonist-1 is an adenosine A3 receptor (AA3R) antagonist.

A2AR-agonist-1 is a potent A2AR and ENT1 agonist with Ki of 4.39 and 3.47 for A2AR and ENT1.