5-Aminovaleric acid is believed to act as a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and functions as a weak GABA agonist.

L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid which serves as a substrate for biosynthesis of neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA in neurons.

DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations.

L-Threonine is an essential amino acid which is in its active form. It is important for the formation of collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel, and aids liver and lipotropic function when combined with aspartic acid and methionine.

Folic acid, a B vitamin, plays an important role in cell division and in the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids like DNA.

Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates. It facilitates the recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) primarily in muscle and brain tissue.